| 基于湿周法的西南山区河流生态需水的计算与验证 |
| Calculation and Verification of Ecological Water Demand in Southwestern Mountain River based on Wetted Perimeter Method |
| 投稿时间：2017-02-07 修订日期：2018-07-20 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2018.04.011 |
| 中文关键词:最小生态需水 湿周 西南山区河流 |
| 英文关键词:ecological water demand wetted perimeter Chinese southwestern mountain rivers |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 研究湿周法的适用条件及转折点的确定方法，为计算河流最小生态需水提供参考。收集了我国西南山区岷江和大渡河流域河流上游、中游和下游共计8个水文站的实测大断面数据，通过建立各断面湿周与流量关系及其拟合曲线，分别采用斜率法、曲率法和经验法分析确定了各断面最小生态需水，并参考相关参数标准对计算结果进行了合理性检验。研究表明，湿周法适用于河床稳定且形态近似抛物线形或矩形的断面，以斜率为1的点（斜率法）确定断面湿周与流量关系曲线的转折点及断面最小生态需水更有利于保护河流生境；对于形态近似为抛物线形或矩形的断面，其计算结果约占多年平均流量的3.8%～13.2%，各断面最小生态需水所对应平均水深、湿周率和平均流速均能满足检验标准。湿周法适用于近似抛物线形或矩形的断面，不建议用于近似三角形或梯形的断面。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Ecological water demand (EWD), also referred to as the environmental flow, is the minimum water flow required to sustain an aquatic ecosystem and the human livelihoods that depend on the ecosystem. EWD is an important area of research in ecology and hydrology and crucial for ecological restoration of rivers and sustainable development of water resources. Scientifically determining the EWD is a basic requirement for river conservation and rational configuration of water resources. The wetted perimeter method is universally used for estimating EWD and is the recommended method when the data are not sufficient for a more precise determination. In this paper, we discuss the necessary conditions for the wetted perimeter and turning point determination methods and the rationality of the method for calculating the EWD of mountain rivers. The discussion is based on data collected at eight monitoring stations located in different sections of a river system in the mountains of southwestern China. Data on wetted perimeter as a function of flow for each section was curve-fitted and three methods (slope, curvature and empirical) were used to define the minimum EWD for each section. The results were then subjected to a reasonableness test using standard reference parameters. This case study indicates that the wetted perimeter method is suitable for approximately parabolic or rectangular cross sections of stable riverbeds. The slope method (point at which slope is 1) was used to determine the inflection point of curves between wetted perimeter and flow and the minimum water flow required in section to protect the river habitat. For approximately parabolic or rectangular cross sections, the calculated result from the wetted perimeter method gives a minimum EWD flow 3.8% ~ 13.2% of the average flow rate over many years and results in average a water depth, wetted frequency and average flow velocity that meets the inspection standards. |
| 吉小盼,蒋红.2018.基于湿周法的西南山区河流生态需水的计算与验证[J].水生态学杂志,39(4):1-7. |
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