| 工厂化鳗鲡养殖尾水生物生态处理技术研究与应用 |
| Ecological Treatment of Intensive Eel Aquaculture Tail Water |
| 投稿时间：2022-12-09 修订日期：2023-03-08 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202212090492 |
| 中文关键词:鳗鲡 养殖尾水 生物膜 生物生态 水处理系统 |
| 英文关键词:eel aquaculture tailwater biofilm biological ecology water treatment system |
| 基金项目:福建省科技厅高校产学合作项目（2020N5009）；福建省科技厅星火项目（2021S0029）；国家重点研发计划课题（2020YFD0900102）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 应用生物膜净水栅，结合生物生态处理技术，对鳗鲡养殖尾水进行生态处理，使处理后的出水水质能达标排放，为我国水产养殖尾水处理提供技术参考。设置一级鱼类混养池和二级狐尾藻协同生物膜水处理池，组合构建了养殖尾水生态处理系统，对工厂化鳗鲡养殖尾水进行生态处理，并开展了92 d的美洲鳗鲡工厂化养殖尾水处理示范应用。结果表明：生态处理系统日平均处理养殖尾水的水量为3 000 m3，系统处理尾水的水力停留时间（THR）为64 h，经系统处理后排放水的总磷浓度为（0.356±0.054）mg/L（浓度范围0.302～0.410 mg/L），总氮浓度为（1.834±0.301）mg/L（浓度范围1.533～2.135 mg/L），高锰酸盐指数和pH分别为（4.15±0.42）mg/L和6.68±0.34，水质符合《淡水池塘养殖水排放要求》的一级标准。生态处理系统具有处理效率高、出水水质稳定良好、成本低、环保安全和易推广应用等优点。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| With the expansion of aquaculture in China, the issue of meeting discharge standards for aquaculture tail waters has become a bottleneck in the development of sustainable aquaculture. From June 10 to September 9 of 2022 , we carried out a 92-day trial for the ecological treatment of ell aquaculture tail water using a self-constructed ecological water treatment system. Our aim was to ensure the treated water quality met discharge standards and provide a technical reference for treating aquaculture tail water in China. The system consisted of a primary polyculture fishpond and a secondary aquatic plant-biofilm integrated water treatment pond. Four types of fish with different feeding habits and different water layer habitats were placed into the polyculture pond. The fish types included a herbivore, an omnivore, a scraper and a filter-feeder at a ratio of 2.3 : 6.0 : 0.6 : 0.9. In the second-stage water treatment pond, Myriophyllum verticillatum was selected as the main aquatic plant, with an initial density of 0.2 kg/m2, and biofilm water purification grids were suspended in the water to form a large area of biofilm providing a density of 3% of the pond water volume. Every 15 days, a team-developed bacterial solution containing nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, and phosphorus-accumulating bacteria was sprinkled into the M. verticillatum-biofilm integrated water treatment pond. The water surface areas of the first and second ponds were 1 800 m2and 3 000 m2. During the trial, water samples were collected from the outlet of each treatment unit of the system every 7 days for determination of major water quality factors. The pH, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen of each treatment unit of the ecological treatment system were monitored on-site every day. The average daily volume of tail water treated by the system was 3 000 m3, and the average hydraulic retention time (THR) of the treated tail water was 64 h. The total phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations of the treated tail water at the outlet were in the ranges of 0.302-0.410 mg/L and 1.533-2.135 mg/L, with average values of (0.356±0.054) mg/L and (1.834±0.301) mg/L, and removal rates of 88.2% and 74.8%. The permanganate index and pH value at the outlet were in the ranges of 3.73-4.57 mg/L and 6.34-7.02, with average values of (4.15±0.42) mg/L and 6.68±0.34. The effluent water quality met level 1 discharge standards according to the Discharge Requirements for Freshwater Pond Aquaculture Water (SC/T9101-2007). This system has the advantages of high efficiency, good and stable water quality, low cost, environmental safety and straightforward application. The successful application of the system provides a technical reference for effective treatment of aquaculture tailwater in China. |
| 王 行,江兴龙,王泽旭,刘 勇.2024.工厂化鳗鲡养殖尾水生物生态处理技术研究与应用[J].水生态学杂志,45(6):204-210. |
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