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祁连山国家公园青海片区河流和湿地原生生物多样性研究

Protist Diversity of Rivers and Wetlands in Qilian Mountain National Park (Qinghai Region) Based on Metagenomics

投稿时间：2022-10-08 修订日期：2022-11-29

DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202210080400

英文关键词:protist diversity metagenome river wetland Qilian Mountain National Park

基金项目:国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项（2018YFD0900804）；第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究（2019 QZKK0304）；国家自然科学基金项目（32070418）。

作者	单位
王浩骅	大连海洋大学水产与生命学院，辽宁大连 116023；大连海洋大学水产与生命学院，辽宁大连 116023；
张鹏	中国科学院水生生物研究所水生生物多样性与保护重点实验室，湖北武汉 430072；
罗帅	中国科学院水生生物研究所水生生物多样性与保护重点实验室，湖北武汉 430072；
谷思雨	中国科学院水生生物研究所水生生物多样性与保护重点实验室，湖北武汉 430072；
熊雄	中国科学院水生生物研究所水生生物多样性与保护重点实验室，湖北武汉 430072；
于瑶	祁连山国家公园青海服务保障中心，青海西宁 810000；
李仑	祁连山国家公园青海服务保障中心，青海西宁 810000；
缪炜	中国科学院水生生物研究所水生生物多样性与保护重点实验室，湖北武汉 430072；
熊杰	中国科学院水生生物研究所水生生物多样性与保护重点实验室，湖北武汉 430072；

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中文摘要:

祁连山国家公园青海片区地处青藏高原东北部边缘，是中国西部重要生态安全屏障和黄河源最重要的水源地。2020年7－8月对祁连山国家公园青海片区中河流和湿地的21个水环境样点进行了水样采集和DNA分离，共获得DNA样品58份，利用宏基因组测序探究祁连山国家公园青海片区的原生生物的种类、组成、群落结构，并分析了其与环境因子之间的关系。结果显示：（1）共鉴定和注释到393个原生生物分类单元（Operational Taxonomic Units，OTUs），分属于24门40纲95目126科162属140种，其中裸藻门、纤毛门种类最多，丰度上硅藻门、纤毛门丰度最高；（2）该片区不同河流或湿地的原生生物群落结构存在显著差异，河流原生生物多样性显著高于湿地；（3）RDA分析显示原生生物群落主要受水体总磷、水温、pH、总有机碳、溶氧、盐度、总氮、硝酸盐氮、氨氮和水流速度等环境因子的显著影响；（4）物种共现网络分析显示湿地中原生生物群落共现网络较河流更稳定。研究结果为水生态环境健康评估和监测提供了基础数据。

英文摘要:

Qilian Mountain National Park (Qinghai region) is located at the northeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, an important ecological security barrier in western China and the most important water source region of the Yellow River. In this study, we explored the protist community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in the rivers and wetlands of Qilian Mountain National Park, aiming to accumulate a baseline to support conservation of biological resources and the water environment in the area. In July and August of 2020, water samples were collected at 21 sites at rivers and wetlands in Qilian Mountain National Park for the analysis of water environmental factors and DNA. A total of 58 DNA samples were obtained, and then metagenomic sequencing was used to investigate species composition and the community structure of protists. Results show that: (1) A total of 393 protist OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units, OTUs) were identified and annotated, including 162 genera, 126 families, 95 orders, 40 classes, and 24 phyla. Euglenozoa and Ciliophora had the largest number of OTUs, while Bacillariophyta and Ciliophora were the most abundant. (2) There were significant differences in the community structure of protists from different rivers and wetlands, and the diversity of protists in rivers was significantly higher than in wetlands. The highest average Shannon (4.80) and Simpson (0.9846) diversity indices were both in Tuole River, and the highest average Margalef richness index (354) was in the Heihe River. The lowest average Shannon diversity index (4.38) and Margalef richness index (312) were both in the Datong River wetland, and the lowest average Simpson diversity index (0.9747) was in the wetland of the Heihe River. (3) Redundancy analysis shows that the protist community was primarily affected by the environmental factors TP, water temperature, PH, TOC, DO, salinity, TN, NO3--N, NH3-N and velocity. (4) The co-occurrence network in wetlands was more stable than that in rivers. This work provides basic data for the ecological assessment and monitoring of water environments in the region.

王浩骅,张鹏,罗帅,谷思雨,熊雄,于瑶,李仑,缪炜,熊杰.2024.祁连山国家公园青海片区河流和湿地原生生物多样性研究[J].水生态学杂志,45(5):9-19.

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