| 汉江中段伊乐藻过度生长的生态调度调控研究 |
| Ecological Regulation of Elodea nuttallii Overgrowth in the Middle Hanjiang River |
| 投稿时间：2021-07-20 修订日期：2021-09-30 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202107200253 |
| 中文关键词:伊乐藻 生态调度 生长控制 光照强度 下泄流量 汉江 |
| 英文关键词:Elodea nuttallii ecological regulation overgrowth control light intensity flow discharge Hanjiang River |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFC0408901）；国家自然科学基金（U2040210） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 汉江中游丹江口至王甫洲江段近年来伊乐藻（Elodea nuttallii）过度生长，对水生态系统平衡和水电站运行造成较大影响。基于伊乐藻生长与关键生境要素的响应关系，构建控制伊乐藻过度生长的生态调控方案。采用野外调查和受控试验观测方法，探明伊乐藻生长的环境影响因子及其阈值。结果显示，岸边伊乐藻形成单一优势群落的临界水深为3.0~3.5 m，生长极限深度的光照强度阈值为400~500 lx，生长水温在3~30℃，其中10℃可能是伊乐藻由慢速向快速生长转变的温度阈值；影响伊乐藻生长分布的临界流速约为0.14 m/s，流速越大对其生长越不利。研究表明:(1)大坝加高蓄水后，丹江口至王甫洲江段下泄流量和水温等条件变化，可能是促进伊乐藻过度生长的重要原因，通过丹江口水库联合王甫洲水电站开展生态调度控制伊乐藻过度生长具有可行性；(2)根据伊乐藻萌发和定植规律，每年春季和秋末是开展水生态调度以控制伊乐藻过度生长的最佳时机，建议丹江口水库下泄流量峰值不小于1 500 m3/s，或达到最小下泄流量的2~3倍（峰值流量不低于1 000 m3/s），每次调度持续时间不少于5 d，调度过程不少于2次。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In recent years, a new ecological phenomenon has appeared in the Danjiangkou-Wangfuzhou section of the middle Hanjiang River. There is an overgrowth of aquatic plants and the dominant species is the exotic submerged macrophyte, Elodea nuttallii. The overgrowth of the aquatic weed has a severe impact on the Hanjiang River aquatic ecosystem health and the operation of Wangfuzhou hydropower station. Few studies have been reported on the ecological control of excessive E. nuttallii growth. In this study, we explored the growth and spatiotemporal distribution of E. nuttallii by field investigation and controlled experimental observation and analyzed the key environmental factors and their thresholds for E. nuttallii growth. Then, based on the response relationship between E. nuttallii growth and key habitat elements, we constructed an ecological regulation scheme to control E. nuttallii overgrowth. Results show that water depth, light intensity, water temperature and velocity were key factors affecting the growth and distribution of E. nuttallii. The critical water depth for the formation of a single dominant community of E. nuttallii near the riverbank was 3.0-3.5 m. The light intensity threshold for the deepest water depth of E. nuttallii growth was 400-500 lx. The water temperature range for the growth of E. nuttallii was 3-30℃, and the water temperature of 10℃ may be the threshold from slow growth to fast growth of E. nuttallii. The critical flow velocity affecting the growth of E. nuttallii was about 0.14 m/s, and the higher the flow rate, the more unfavorable for E. nuttallii growth. In conclusion: (1) After increasing the water level of Danjiangkou reservoir, changes in water discharge and temperature from the reservoir resulted in the overgrowth of E. nuttallii. Therefore, control of E. nuttallii overgrowth is feasible using ecological scheduling of the discharge from Danjiangkou reservoir. (2) According to the germination and colonization rules, spring and late autumn are the best time to carry out ecological scheduling to control the overgrowth of E. nuttallii. During the ecological scheduled discharge, the peak flow of Danjiangkou reservoir is recommended to be no less than 1 500 m3/s, or 2-3 times the minimum flow discharge. The duration of each scheduled release should be no less than 5 days and the release should be scheduled no less than twice. |
| 李建,丁洪亮,颜 剑,操 瑜,尹 炜.2023.汉江中段伊乐藻过度生长的生态调度调控研究[J].水生态学杂志,44(4):29-34. |
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