| 金沙江下游宜宾段产漂流性卵鱼类早期资源动态变化 |
| Dynamic changes of early fish resources in Yibin section of the lower of Jinsha River after the storage of Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba hydropower station |
| 投稿时间：2021-07-05 修订日期：2021-09-29 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202107050230 |
| 中文关键词:鱼类早期资源 漂流性卵 金沙江 宜宾江段 |
| 英文关键词:early stage fish resources drifting eggs Jinsha River Yibin section |
| 基金项目:农业财政专项（CJDC-2017）；中国三峡集团有限公司（SXSN14577）；中国三峡建设管理有限公司技术服务项目（JG/10917B）；中国三峡集团有限公司（0799570）；水利部政府性基金项目（12620200600020J005） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨金沙江下游溪洛渡和向家坝水电站蓄水运行对下游江段鱼类早期资源群聚动态的影响，基于2016-2020年宜宾江段鱼类早期资源调查数据，探究其资源种群结构与年际变化趋势。使用半圆弶网采集漂流性卵，通过分子生物学方法进行种类鉴定，并计算鱼卵丰度。结果表明，宜宾江段共计采集鱼卵20种，主要优势种为吻鮈(Rhinogobio typus)和寡鳞飘鱼(Pseudolaubuca engraulis)；估算出鱼卵年均径流量为15.07×106粒，漂流性卵为9.89×106粒，年际间总体呈增加趋势；推算采样点以上分布有产漂流性卵鱼类产卵场3处；从多样性指数和相似度指数看，宜宾江段鱼卵种类组成结构较为稳定，年际间变化不大。尽管受金沙江下游水电工程开发的影响，宜宾江段作为长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区的重要组成部分，仍是产漂流性卵鱼类产卵繁殖的重要分布区，但主要以产漂流性卵小型鱼类为主，圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)、长鳍吻鮈(Rhinogobio ventralis)等长距离洄游性鱼类鱼卵没有监测到。建议继续加强圆口铜鱼、长鳍吻鮈等鱼类的增殖放流；针对产漂流性卵小型鱼类的生态需求，开展金沙江下游梯级水电开发对其生态效应影响的监测研究。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The early stage fish resources are the important basis affecting the quantity dynamic of fish community, and they are largely influenced by the regime change resulting from the hydroelectric development. In this study, we explored the population structure and temporal trends of early fish resources at Yibin section of lower Jinsha River, focusing on the species composition, spawning ground distribution and spawning scale. It aimed to assess the ecological effect of the impoundment and operation of Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba hydro-power stations on the early stage fish resources, and provide data to support the native and rare fish species conservation in the upper Yangtze River, maintain the biodiversity of fish community in the lower Jinsha River and the river ecological health. The study was based on the monitoring of fish resources at Yibin section during May to July over five years (2016-2020).The drifting eggs were collected using semicircle nets, and then accounted and identified through molecular biological methods.Results show that a total of 1 139 eggs were collected during the investigation, and 20 fish species belonging to 4 families and 2 orders were identified, with absolute dominance by Cyprinidae (11 species), followed by Cobitidae (5 species). The dominant species were Rhinogobio typus and Pseudolaubuca engraulis. The number of fish species with drifting eggs was 17, among them, 7 fish species were endemic to the upper Yangtze River. Recruitment of fish eggs in the Yinbin section from 2016 to 2020 were estimated, respectively, as 7.39×106, 4.26×106, 13.86×106, 30.65×106 and 19.20×106, with the average annual recruitment of fish eggs of 15.07×106 and the drifting eggs of 9.89×106, showing an increasing trend. The diversity and similarity indices of fish eggs indicated that the species composition of eggs in Yibin section was relatively stable, with little change between years. There were three spawning grounds of fish species with drifting eggs from the sampling section to the area below Xiangjiaba Dam according to the flow velocity and development of the eggs. Under the influence of cascade development of Jinsha River , Yibin section was still an important area for spawning and breeding of fish species with drifting eggs and comprises a crucial part of the national nature reserve of rare and endemic fish in the upper Yangtze River. However, the eggs collected in Yibin section were dominated by small fish species with pelagic eggs, and the eggs of the long distance migratory fish such as Coreius guichenoti and Rhinogobio ventralis were not collected.Therefore, we suggested to strengthen the proliferation and release of fish species such as Coreius guichenoti and Rhinogobio ventralis, meanwhile, the ecological effect research of the cascade reservoirs in Jinsha River basin on the small fish spawning pelagic eggs should be continued based on their ecological requirements. |
| 胡兴坤,邵 科,阙延福,朱 滨,叶 卿,陈志刚,李成成,徐火清,李伟涛.2023.金沙江下游宜宾段产漂流性卵鱼类早期资源动态变化[J].水生态学杂志,44(2):73-80. |
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