| 南水北调东线一期工程输水干线水质变化趋势分析 |
| Changes in the Quality of Water Flowing through the First Phase of the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project |
| 投稿时间：2021-06-29 修订日期：2021-09-07 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202106290208 |
| 中文关键词:南水北调东线 水质 污染指标 时空变化 |
| 英文关键词:eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project water quality pollution indicator spatiotemporal change |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 探究南水北调东线一期工程输水干线水质变化情况，为水生态保护提供基础资料。基于2003年开工建设至今较长序列监测数据，采用单指标水质评价法、主成分分析法、Spearman秩相关系数法、综合污染指数法和T检验法，研究输水干线水质变化总体趋势和主要污染指标时空变化特征。结果表明：输水干线水质整体向好，采样点优良比例2020年较2003年上升了33.1%，Ⅴ类和劣Ⅴ类污染较重水体近年来基本消除。2003-2020年，氨氮、五日生化需氧量、化学需氧量、总氮和高锰酸盐指数浓度呈显著下降趋势，总磷浓度变化趋势相对平稳，各点位调水期综合水质指数优于年内非调水期，T检验结果表明调水对主要污染指标的浓度变化均有显著影响。建设初期，主要污染指标浓度空间差异显著，输水干线后半段污染程度相对较高，梁济运河段多个指标已达劣Ⅴ类；建成通水之际，除总磷外，主要污染指标浓度显著下降，空间差异显著缩小，部分指标仍呈现后半段浓度较高的空间特征；2020年，南四湖及梁济运河段水质改善效果明显，主要污染指标浓度空间差异进一步缩小。建议继续抓好污染防治，切实推进沿线生态建设与修复，保障一江清水永续北送。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Construction began on the first phase of the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in late December 2001 and began operation in 2013. In this study, we explored the water quality variation and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the major pollution indicators in this section of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. The objective was to provide baseline data supporting environmental conservation and operational management of the first phase project. The study was based on long term water monitoring data (2003-2020) at 29 sampling sites from Sanjiangying to Dongping Lake along the transfer route. The evaluation was based on single factor evaluation and the comprehensive pollution index, and statistical methods included principal component analysis, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, and t-testing. Results show that water quality in the water transfer line improved continuously over time, and that the proportion of sites meeting Category Ⅰ-Ⅲ water quality standards in 2020 increased by 33.1%, compared to 2003. The proportion of transects meeting water quality standards for Categories Ⅰ-Ⅲ increased by 8.5% during the construction period (2003-2012) and by 22.2% during the operational period (2013-2020). Transects with water quality of Category V or lower have been eliminated. From 2003 to 2020, the NH3, BOD5, COD, TN, and CODMn decreased significantly and, while the TP concentration declined, the change was not significant. The water quality at all sampling sites improved during the water transfer period. T-test results indicate that the process of transferring water significantly reduces the concentration of primary pollutants. During construction of the first phase there were significant spatial differences in the concentrations of primary water pollutants, the degree of pollution in the second half of the water transfer line was relatively high, and pollutant concentrations in the Liangji Canal were below the water quality standard for Category V. In 2013, the concentrations of major pollutants had dropped significantly, except for TP, and the spatial differences were reduced significantly. However, the concentrations of some major pollutants were still high in the second half of the transfer line. In 2020, water quality in Nansi Lake and Liangji Canal had improved significantly, and spatial differences had been further reduced. To guarantee sustainable delivery of clear water from south to north, we suggest intensifying efforts to prevent and control pollution, and to strongly promote ecological restoration along the water diversion transfer line. |
| 张婷婷,杨 刚,张建国,王 萍,陈雅丽,曾凤连.2022.南水北调东线一期工程输水干线水质变化趋势分析[J].水生态学杂志,43(1):8-15. |
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