| 长江鲟亲体对人工模拟产卵底质的偏好性 |
| Bottom Substrate Preference of Captive Dabry’s Sturgeon Broodstock in a Simulated Spawning Environment |
| 投稿时间：2020-03-15 修订日期：2022-01-20 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202003150062 |
| 中文关键词:长江鲟 性成熟 底质偏好 模拟产卵环境 繁殖行为 |
| 英文关键词:Acipenser dabryanus sexual maturity substrate preference simulated spawning habitat spawning behavior |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（31772854）；中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目（2017HY-ZD0405；2020TD08） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 探究长江鲟（Acipenser dabryanus）自然繁殖对底质环境的偏好性，可为其仿自然人工产卵环境的营造及野外种群重建提供参考。以人工养殖的长江鲟子一代亲本为对象，在直径3.0 m、水深0.8 m的圆形池中铺设长江河道中常见的卵石、砂及人工养殖光滑底质，模拟不同的底质环境，利用发光标记和Ethovision XT行为跟踪技术，研究长江鲟亲鱼对不同底质环境的栖息偏好性和行为活跃性。结果显示，在两两对比的3种实验底质环境中，长江鲟亲本在光滑底质停留时间比57.56%显著长于砂底质42.15%（P<0.05），在光滑底质停留时间比88.63%也显著长于卵石底质10.77%（P<0.05），砂底质中停留时间比75.50%显著长于卵石底质23.89%（P<0.05），表明长江鲟显著喜好停留在光滑底质，其次为砂底质，在卵石底质栖息时间最短，且偏好性无雌雄差异（P>0.05）和昼夜差异（P>0.05）。行为活跃性分析表明，不同底质环境中长江鲟的行为活跃度明显不同，在有卵石底质存在的情况下，其急速游动平均时间要显著高于砂质和光滑底质。结合人工模拟产卵环境中观测到长江鲟多次重复产卵发生在卵石底质上的现象，表明卵石底质虽然不是长江鲟最佳栖息偏好底质，但对诱发其自然繁殖有重要作用。研究结果有助于今后开展长江鲟亲本野外放归后的栖息地选择和偏好评估。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Dabry’s sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus) is a bottom spawner, so research on the bottom substrate preference of the broodstock is essential for understanding the environmental conditions necessary for spawning. In this study, we simulated different substrates, including slippery concrete, sand and gravel, to determine the substrate preference and swimming behavior of first generation captive Dabry’s sturgeon broodstock (7 yr). The objectives were to provide basic data for constructing artificial spawning grounds and support the effort to restore wild populations of Dabry’s sturgeon. The test was carried out in round aquaculture ponds (diameter, 3.0 m; water depth, 0.8 m) with the following substrate sets (A: half sand and half slippery concrete；B: half gravel and half slippery concrete；C: half gravel and half sand). Sand and gravel were collected from the Yangtze River. In April 2019, during the natural spawning season of Dabry’s sturgeon, 36 Dabry’s sturgeons with gonad at stage IV, were selected for the experiment. Two females and two males were randomly selected and placed in each pond under the following experimental conditions: velocity, 5-10 cm/s; water temperature, 17.9-19.3 ℃; dissolved oxygen, ＞5.20 mg/L, and each treatment was run in triplicate. An Ethovision?XT tracking system (Noldus Information Technology, Netherland) using light tags of different color was used to collect data on fish movement and location. There was a clear substrate preference in each pool. The percentage of time that test fish remained above the slippery concrete (57.56%) was significantly higher than the time above the sand (42.15 %, P<0.05), the percent time above slippery concrete (88.63%) was significantly higher than above gravel (10.77% , P<0.05), and the percent time above sand (75.50%) was significantly higher than above gravel (23.89%, P<0.05) . Dabry’s sturgeon broodstock substrate preference is slippery concrete (commonly used in culturing tanks), followed by sand and then gravel. The substrate preference did not vary between male and female (P>0.05) or between day and night (P>0.05). The swimming behavior of Dabry’s sturgeon broodstock clearly varied with substrate. Females and males were both more active on the gravel substrate than on sandy or slippery concrete substrate, clearly swimming stronger and faster above the gravel. It is known that Dabry’s sturgeon spawn on a gravel substrate and, while the gravel substrate was not the preferred substrate for Dabry’s sturgeon broodstock, it does appear to induce spawning behavior. Our results will help define the simulated spawning environment for Dabry’s sturgeon and the selection of habitat when broodstock is released to the wild. |
| 张平梅,杜 浩,罗 江,吴金平,肖新平,冷小茜,危起伟.2022.长江鲟亲体对人工模拟产卵底质的偏好性[J].水生态学杂志,43(1):103-109. |
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