| 三峡水库正常运行下库区干流浮游动物群落时空格局特征研究 |
| Temporal-Spatial Distribution of the Zooplankton Community in the Main Stem of Three Gorges Reservoir under Normal Operation |
| 投稿时间：2019-06-22 修订日期：2019-10-25 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.201906220158 |
| 中文关键词:浮游动物 群落结构 水质 三峡水库 |
| 英文关键词:zooplankton community structure water quality Three Gorges Reservoir |
| 基金项目:水利部三峡工程管理司委托项目“三峡库区鱼类资源保护的生态调度综合技术研究（2018年度）；国家重大水利工程建设基金项目（12620200600018J001） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 研究三峡水库正常运行对库区江段浮游动物群落结构的影响，为三峡库区环境保护提供基础参考资料。调查江段为位于库首的秭归、巫山江段，位于库中的万州、云阳江段，位于库尾的涪陵江段，位于库区回水末端的江津江段；每个江段设左、中、右3个样点，采样时间为2016年7月、2016年9月、2016年12月、2017年3月。共鉴定浮游动物45种，其中原生动物9种、轮虫12种、枝角类13种，桡足类11种；浮游动物密度为30.99×104个/L，其中原生动物占9.28%、轮虫占90.33%、枝角类占0.24%、桡足类占0.15%。江津、涪陵、万州江段水体为超富营养水平，云阳、巫山、秭归江段水体为富营养水平。低水位期的夏季和水位下降期的春季浮游动物密度较高，高水位期的冬季和蓄水期的秋季浮游动物密度较低；坝前秭归江段浮游动物密度最高，沿坝前江段溯河而上直到库尾流水江段浮游动物密度呈现降低的趋势。三峡干流浮游动物优势种共16种，以耐污性的种类为主。三峡干流浮游动物物种多样性指数秋季最高，夏季最低；均匀度指数以秋季和冬季较高，夏季最低。物种多样性指数和均匀度指数万州调查江段均最低，总体均呈现库首至回水末端降低的趋势。三峡水库蓄水运行后，浮游动物群落结构在水库的纵轴上表现出明显的分布梯度；夏季和秋季浮游动物群落主要受水温、叶绿素a、总磷、铜、汞、挥发酚、石油类的影响，并呈正相关关系；春季和冬季江段浮游动物群落主要受溶解氧正相关影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Zooplankton are sensitive to environment change and widely used in monitoring fresh water ecosystems. The impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir dramatically altered the water environment, but little research has been conducted on the response of the zooplankton community to reservoir impoundment and operation. To obtain baseline data and provide a reference for environmental conservation in Three Gorges Reservoir, we investigated the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of the zooplankton community in the main stem of Three Gorges Reservoir under normal operation. Seasonal sampling was carried out in July, September, December 2016 and March 2017, at six representative sections covering the entire length of the reservoir：Zigui (ZG), Wushan (WS), Yunyang (YY), Wanzhou (WZ), Fulin (FL) and Jiangjin (JJ). Physiochemical water quality parameters were monitored synchronously with each sampling. A total of 45 zooplankton species were identified, including 9 protozoans, 12 rotifers, 13 cladocerans, 11 copepods, accounting, respectively for 20%, 27%, 29% and 24% of the total number of species. The average zooplankton density was 30.99×104 ind/L, with absolute dominance by rotifers (90.33%), followed by protozoa (9.28%), cladocera (0.24%) and copepoda (0.15%). The water was hypereutrophic at Jiangjin, Fuling and Wanzhou and eutrophic at Zigui, Wushan and Yunyang. Zooplankton density was higher in summer and spring with lower water levels, and lower in winter and autumn with higher water levels. Spatially, zooplankton density was the highest at Zigui, nearest the dam, and trended downward to Jiangjin, farthest from the dam. There were 16 dominant zooplankton species, known to be pollution-tolerant, in the main stem of Three Gorges Reservoir. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the zooplankton community was highest in autumn and lowest in summer, and Pielou evenness index was higher in autumn and winter, and lower in summer. Zooplankton diversity and evenness indices also trended downward from Zigui to Jiangjin, but the lowest values both occurred at Wanzhou. Zooplankton community structure showed obvious variations along the vertical gradient of the reservoir, and displayed the strongest positive correlations with water temperature (WT), chlorophyll a (Chl-a), total phosphorus (TP), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), volatile phenol (VP) and petroleum (PE) in summer and autumn, and with dissolved oxygen (DO) in spring and winter. |
| 吴利,唐会元,龚云,杨志,朱正强,陈小娟.2021.三峡水库正常运行下库区干流浮游动物群落时空格局特征研究[J].水生态学杂志,42(1):58-65. |
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