| 武汉官桥湖蓝藻毒素BMAA的生物累积与健康风险评估 |
| Bioaccumulation and Health Risk Assessment of the Cyanobacterial Neurotoxin BMAA in Guanqiao Lake, Wuhan |
| 投稿时间：2018-10-25 修订日期：2019-07-15 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2019.04.004 |
| 中文关键词:蓝藻毒素 β-N-甲氨基-L-丙氨酸 健康风险 官桥湖 |
| 英文关键词:cyanotoxins β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) health risk Guanqiao Lake |
| 基金项目:武汉市科技局项目(2015061701011615)；河湖生态修复及藻类利用湖北省重点实验室开放基金(HHKF201507)；国家重点研发计划（2016YFC0401702）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（31670367） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 鉴于蓝藻“水华”能产生新型神经毒素—β-N-甲氨基-L-丙氨酸（β-N-methylamino-L-alanine, BMAA），并通过生物富集作用在水生态系统的各营养级进行传递和富集；选取武汉东湖子湖—官桥湖，采用HPLC-MS/MS分析方法，在蓝藻水华暴发期间，测定湖水、蓝藻及鱼体内游离态和蛋白结合态BMAA毒素的含量及其分布。结果表明，在水体中未检测到溶解态BMAA（在检测限0.05 μg/L以下），但在微囊藻细胞及鱼体内（干重）均能检测到，含量均值分别为（0.04±0.002）μg/g 和（0.32±0.317）μg/g，说明官桥湖在暴发水华后，蓝藻产生了BMAA毒素且被鱼类吸收和放大；不同鱼体（干重）累积BMAA的程度不同，总BMAA含量（干重）分别为鳑鲏（0.243±0.205）μg/g，鲫（0.126±0.04）μg/g，鲤（0.613±0.120）μg/g，鲢（0.028±0.018）μg/g，鳙（0.039±0.021）μg/g，鳊（0.879±0.243）μg/g；鲤和鳊的富集浓度较高，且与其它几种鱼有显著性差异（P<0.05）。按照WHO生活饮用水安全标准的建议进行推算，官桥湖鱼肉EDI值（估算的每天摄入量）为1.015 μg/(kg?d)，显著低于估算出的TDI值（日容许摄入量）0.5 mg/(kg?d)，基本不会对人造成急性中毒，但由于BMAA毒素为慢性毒素，不能忽视经常食用鱼肉后的累积风险。建议有关部门将东湖水产品的BMAA毒素纳入长期监测。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is a newly identified neurotoxin produced during cyanobacterial blooms, and bioaccumulation of BMAA can lead to food chain amplification. Guanqiao Lake, an area of Donghu Lake in Wuhan, is a typical eutrophic urban lake with frequent algal blooms. In this study, we investigated the distribution of BMAA in Guanqiao Lake during a cyanobacterial bloom in July, 2017. Free BMAA and protein-bound BMAA in the water column and BMAA extracted from cyanobacteria and fish samples were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. The study provides scientific data to support environmental management of urban lakes and early warning when human health is threatened by cyanotoxins. Free-BMAA in the water column was below the detection limit (0.05 μg/L), but BMAA was detected in microcystis (0.04±0.002 μg/g, dw) and fish (0.32±0.317 μg/g, dw). Furthermore, determination of BMAA in fish species occupying different trophic levels indicates that BMAA can be bioamplified as it moves up the food chain. The BMAA concentration in Rhodeus sinensis, Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Aristichthys nobilis and Parabramis pekinensis were, respectively, (0.243±0.205) μg/g, (126±0.04) μg/g, (0.613±0.120) μg/g, (0.028±0.018) μg/g, (0.039±0.021) μg/g and (0.879±0.243) μg/g. The BMAA concentrations in Cyprinus carpio and Parabramis pekinensis were significantly higher than in the other species (P<0.05) . According to WHO drinking water guidelines, the EDI (Estimated Daily Intake) values of BMAA from fish was 1.015 μg/(kg?d), considerably lower than the estimated TDI (Tolerable Daily Intake) value of 0.5 mg/(kg?d). This indicates that the health risk of consuming fish from Guanqiao Lake is relatively low and not likely cause acute toxicity in humans. However, due to the potential for a chronic response, the risk of BMAA accumulation should not be ignored. Therefore, we recommend long-term monitoring of BMAA in fish from Donghu Lake by the relevant regulatory agencies. |
| 陈咏梅,赵以军,陈默,刘 伟,陈慧宇,张泽慧,高健,田小方,焦一滢.2019.武汉官桥湖蓝藻毒素BMAA的生物累积与健康风险评估[J].水生态学杂志,40(4):22-29. |
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