| 叶尔羌高原鳅仔鱼饥饿试验及不可逆点的确定 |
| Starvation Experiment on Triplophysa yarkandensis Larvae and Determination of the Point of No Return (PNR) |
| 投稿时间：2017-08-17 修订日期：2019-03-20 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2019.02.015 |
| 中文关键词:叶尔羌高原鳅 仔鱼 饥饿 不可逆点 初次摄食率 |
| 英文关键词:Triplophysa yarkandensis larvae starvation the point of no return Initial feeding rate |
| 基金项目:国家自然基金（31460691，31360635）；塔里木大学校长基金（TDZKSS201220）；新疆生产建设兵团塔里木畜牧科技重点实验室（HS201505） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了更好地增殖和保护叶尔羌高原鳅（Triplophysa yarkandensisa）这一塔里木河水系优势土著鱼类，拟采用实验生态法，在水温（20±1）℃条件下，利用人工孵化获得叶尔羌高原鳅初孵仔鱼进行饥饿试验，确定仔鱼的不可逆点（PNR），并研究延迟投饵对仔鱼成活和生长的影响。结果显示，叶尔羌高原鳅仔鱼3日龄即开口摄食，进入混合营养期，仔鱼卵黄囊于6～7日龄消耗完毕，混合营养期维持仅为3～4 d。初次摄食点出现在3日龄时，摄食率仅为16.7%，初次摄食率最高达在7日龄，摄食率可达90%，PNR出现在仔鱼孵出后的8～9日龄。3日龄后饥饿对仔鱼卵黄吸收速度影响显著((P< 0.05)；摄食仔鱼生长呈线性增加，饥饿仔鱼生长呈现先升高后降低的趋势。叶尔羌高原鳅仔鱼的最佳投喂时间应在仔鱼开口后4d之内。研究表明：叶尔羌高原鳅仔鱼个体较小，对于初次摄食饵料的的选择范围较小，食谱范围窄，初孵仔鱼死亡率高，对于高原鳅属仔鱼开口饵料有待进一步开发。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The point of no return (PNR) reflects the starvation tolerance of larval fish and provides an important reference for artificial breeding. Triplophysa (Hedinichthys) yarkandensis (Day) is a dominant indigenous fish widely distributed in the Tarim River basin, but populations are rapidly declining due to pollution and overfishing. In this study, we conducted a starvation experiment on T. yarkandensis larvae to determine the PNR and the impact of delayed feeding on the survival rate and growth. The objectives were to provide basic biological data for early stage development of T. yarkandensis and to support protection of native fish and the ecology of the Tarim River basin. T. yarkandensis larvae were obtained by artificial reproduction and cultured at (20.0±1.0) ℃ and pH 7.0-7.5. Two groups of T. yarkandensis larvae were set with 600 individuals in each group; a test group that was not fed and a control group that was fed regularly. Beginning on day 2 after hatching, 30 T. yarkandensis larvae were selected daily from each treatment and total length, long and short diameters of the yolk sac and growth condition were recorded. T. yarkandensis larvae began foraging three days after hatching, entering the mixed nutritional period that lasted 3-4 days. The feeding rate was 16.7% on day 3 and increased to 90% by day 7. The yolk sac was exhausted within 6-7 days after hatching and the PNR of T. yarkandensis larvae was 8-9 days after hatching. After 3 days, the absorption rate of the yolk sac was affected significantly by starvation (P < 0.05). Larval growth rate in the feeding group was linear while growth in the starvation group initially increased and then decreased. Results indicate that feeding of T. yarkandensis larvae should begin within 4 days of hatching at a water temperature of 20 °C and the best time to transfer larvae to culture pools is day 6-7 after hatching. The individual larvae of the Triplophysa yarkandensis are small and the selection range for the initial feeding is narrow, resulting in a high mortality rate for newly hatched larvae. Thus, a method for the initial feeding of Triplophysa larvae should be developed to increase survival rate. |
| 宋勇,江志香,马卓勋,任道全,陈生熬.2019.叶尔羌高原鳅仔鱼饥饿试验及不可逆点的确定[J].水生态学杂志,40(2):102-107. |
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