| 常州三山港沉积物污染生物效应及致毒因子初探 |
| Biological Effects and Toxicity of Polluted Sediment in Sanshangang River, Changzhou |
| 投稿时间：2017-07-05 修订日期：2019-05-16 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2019.03.006 |
| 中文关键词:沉积物 生物效应 致毒因子 三山港 |
| 英文关键词:sediment pollution biological effect heavy metal toxicity Sanshangang River |
| 基金项目:江苏省环保科研课题（2014004）；国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2012ZX07506-003） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨常州三山港沉积物污染的生物效应，加强沉积物的生态管理，对7个监测断面沉积物进行采样调查。综合大型底栖动物生物群落监测、沉积物生物急性毒性试验及重金属污染分析三种方法反映沉积物污染生物效应状况，通过TIE方法对沉积物的致毒因子进行初步识别。结果显示，各监测断面的大型底栖动物完整性指数B-IBI为0～0.38，评价等级为差至一般；实验室毒性试验中沉积物孔隙水费氏弧菌（Vibrio fischeri）相对发光强度为47.9%～82.8%，全泥相钩虾（Gammarus sp.）及梨形环棱螺（Bellamya purificata）10 d存活率分别为36.7%~93.3%和33.3%~76.7%，都具有不同程度的急性毒性，群落监测和实验室分析均说明该河流沉积物在群落及种群水平上存在明显的污染生物效应。孔隙水中加入Na-EDTA后发光细菌急性毒性变化显著，1个断面毒性消除，2个断面接近无毒水平，2个断面毒性改善明显。该河流沉积物Zn、Cu、Cr含量均超过江苏省土壤背景值，除石埝桥断面外，平均地累积指数（Igeo）均在1.08～2.75，重金属污染水平总体达中-强程度。4个监测断面沉积物Zn含量超过了《GB15618-1995土壤环境质量标准》三级标准；Igeo、发光细菌相对发光强度、B-IBI三者结果存在显著-极显著相关性，具有关联响应关系。研究表明，以Zn为首要污染的重金属是常州三山港沉积物污染生物效应的主要致毒因子之一。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore methods of evaluating the biological effects and determine the toxic effects of sediment pollution, we investigated the sediment pollution in Sanshangang River at Changzhou. Heavy metal analysis was combined with macrobenthic community monitoring and acute toxicity testing of sediment and interstitial water. Sediment toxic factors were identified using the toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) method. In April and May 2016, sediment samples were collected at seven monitoring sections in the main stem of Sanshangang River. Acute toxicity tests were carried out on both the sediment and interstitial water. The toxicity of the interstitial water was tested using luminous bacteria (Vibrio fischeri) and a 10-day acute toxicity test of the sediment was conducted using an amphipod (Gammarus sp.) and a snail (Bellamya purificata). The benthic index of biological integrity (B-IBI) across monitoring sites ranged from 0 to 0.38, with evaluation grades from poor to general. The laboratory acute toxicity tests show that the relative luminous intensity of Vibrio fischeri in the sediment pore water was 47.9%-82.8%，and the 10-day survival rates of Gammarus sp. and Bellamya purificata in whole sediment samples were 36.7%-93.3% and 33.3%-76.7%, respectively. The field investigation and laboratory tests both indicated that the sediment had significant pollution effects at community and population levels. After the addition of Na-EDTA into the pore water, the acute toxic response of luminescent bacteria changed significantly. The toxicity of pore water from one monitoring section was eliminated, two sections were nearly non-toxic, and another two sections improved significantly. These results indicate that heavy metals are a primary contributor to sediment toxicity. The content of Zn, Cu and Cr in the sediments at all sampling site exceeded the soil background value of Jiangsu Province. The range of average geoaccumulation index (Igeo) was 1.08-2.75, except for the sampling site of Shinian Bridge, indicating moderate to strong heavy metal pollution. The content of Zn at four sites exceeded the Grade III standard, as specified in GB15618-1995 Soil Environmental Quality Standards. Statistical analysis showed significant to highly significant correlations among Igeo, relative luminous intensity of the luminescent bacteria and B-IBI. In summary, the heavy metals, particularly Zn, are among the primary pollutants and source of toxicity threatening the aquatic community in Sanshangang River at Changzhou. The results provide technical support for the ecological management of sediments and provide information on the current condition of sediments in Sanshangang River at Changzhou. |
| 邸子佼,徐东炯,王 晋,张海燕,段雪梅,张 翔,曹雨平.2019.常州三山港沉积物污染生物效应及致毒因子初探[J].水生态学杂志,40(3):41-48. |
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