| IHB系稀有鮈鲫遗传结构研究 |
| Genetic Structure of the IHB Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) |
| 投稿时间：2016-06-03 修订日期：2018-01-26 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2018.01.013 |
| 中文关键词:IHB系稀有鮈鲫 实验动物封闭群 遗传质量控制 微卫星DNA标记 遗传结构 |
| 英文关键词:IHB rare minnow closed colony of laboratory animal genetic quality control microsatellite marker genetic structure |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划（2011BAI15B01-41）;湖北省科技支撑计划2015BCE098。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 分析IHB系稀有鮈鲫在繁育过程中的遗传结构变化，旨在鉴定IHB系的遗传质量，为实验动物封闭群的建群和维持以及濒危物种种群保护提供参考和借鉴。IHB系稀有鮈鲫建群原代（P0）为2006年采自四川省汉源县的野生个体，采用最佳避免近交法繁育出F1~F8世代，利用12对微卫星位点对遗传结构进行分析。在IHB系培育过程中，平均观测等位基因数从4.4个降低为4.1个，平均有效等位基因数从4.0个降低为3.0个，平均期望杂合度从0.5878降低到0.5518，平均多态信息含量从0.5509降到0.5293；随着传代的持续，后代与建群原代之间的遗传距离与分化程度有逐渐增大趋势，但相邻世代间的差异逐渐减小；繁育过程中共丢失了6个等位基因，从F5代后所有等位基因频率均无显著变化。经过8代的繁育，IHB系遗传多样性虽略有下降，但仍维持适宜的水平，近交程度得到有效控制，且遗传结构趋于稳定，符合实验动物封闭群遗传质量要求。IHB系可作为稀有鮈鲫地模种群的活体基因库。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) is a cyprinid species endemic to the upper Yangtze River, characterized by small size, early sexual maturation, consecutive spawning and sensitivity to chemicals. The species has been widely used as a test organism in environmental science, genetics, ichthyopathology and ecotoxicology. However, wild G. rarus populations are threatened by human activities and decreasing rapidly. The IHB rare minnow is a closed laboratory animal colony, the offspring of 50 wild G. rarus specimens collected in Hanyuan County of Sichuan Province in 2006 and bred using methods that prevent inbreeding. In 2014, the ninth generation (F9) of the original parent generation (P0) was obtained. In this study, 12 microsatellite loci were used to reveal the genetic structure of the IHB rare minnow from (P0) to (F8), aiming to evaluate the genetic quality of the IHB rare minnow, provide a reference for the construction and maintenance of a closed laboratory animal colony and support efforts to protect the species. As breeding proceeded from generation P0 to F8, the number of alleles per locus and average effective number of alleles per locus decreased, respectively, from 4.4 to 4.1 and 4.0 to 3.0. The average expected heterozygosity and polymorphic information content also decreased, from 0.5878 to 0.5518 and 0.5509 to 0.5293. The largest Nei genetic distance (0.0702) and smallest similarity coefficient (0.9298) were between P0 and F8 and the smallest genetic distance (0.0078) and the largest similarity coefficient (0.9937) were between F7 and F8. These findings indicates that the genetic distance and genetic differentiation (Fst) increased between the original generation and the last generation, but decreased between successive generations. Six allelic genes were lost during development of the IHB colony but no significant changes were found in gene frequencies after the 5th generation. Although genetic diversity declined slightly, a relatively high and acceptable level was maintained in the IHB colony and inbreeding was controlled effectively. Therefore, the genetic structure of IHB colony is stable and the colony meets the genetic quality control requirement for laboratory animals. The IHB colony can be used as a laboratory animal and as an in vivo gene pool for the topotype population of G. rarus. |
| 李慧慧,王春伶,王剑伟.2018.IHB系稀有鮈鲫遗传结构研究[J].水生态学杂志,39(1):83-90. |
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