| 山西沁河乌苏里拟鲿形态、分子鉴定及与黑龙江群体比较 |
| Molecular and Morphologic Identification of Wild Pseudobagrus ussuriensis in Qinhe River and Morphologic Comparison with Wild and Cultured Populations in the Heilongjiang River Basin |
| 投稿时间：2015-09-15 修订日期：2016-05-23 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2016.02.011 |
| 中文关键词:乌苏里拟鲿 形态学 分子鉴定 山西沁河 |
| 英文关键词:Pseudobagrus ussuriensis morphology molecular identification Qin River, |
| 基金项目:山西农业大学育种基金项目（20132-22），山西省科学技术发展计划项目 (20130311028-5), 山西省水利厅科技项目（2013SL11），山西农业大学横向科技项目（2013HX86，2014HX61） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 研究山西沁河水系野生乌苏里拟鲿群体、黑龙江水系野生和养殖乌苏里拟鲿群体的形态学区分，沁河拟鲿采集于山西沁河安泽段（35.91°N, 112.33°E），黑龙江野生拟鲿采集于黑龙江抚远江段（48.37°N, 134.25°E）、养殖拟鲿采集于抚远当地水库(48.30°N, 134.27°E) 养殖网箱。从形态学和分子生物学途径对山西沁河野生种群进行种属鉴定，运用方差分析和聚类分析以及判别分析研究其形态学差异。研究结果表明：（1）15个形态学指标和其他分类性状的形态学分析、线粒体DNA的COI、Cyt b基因以及D-Loop区的序列比对结果均表明，沁河捕获的样本鱼为乌苏里拟鲿；（2）形态学差异分析表明山西沁河野生乌苏里拟鲿与黑龙江野生及养殖乌苏里拟鲿的形态差异均较大，尤其眼径/头长差异系数为1.354达到亚种分化水平（>1.28）；（3）聚类分析表明，山西沁河野生群体单独成为1支，黑龙江野生群体和黑龙江养殖群体聚为另1支；（4）筛选出4个判别贡献率较大的形态学指标,建立了3个群体的判别函数,对山西乌苏里拟鲿群体综合判别率为84.6%，逐步判别分析显示沁河野生群体与黑龙江2个群体组中心距较远，测量值分布独立于2群之外的区域。为避免人工放流过程中的基因污染，需要放流本水域的群体子代，以保护当地特色的种质资源；建立准确率高的判别函数将有助于简便地分析放流种类是否为该水系种群繁育的后代。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Pseudobagrus ussuriensis Dybowski, primarily distributed in the Heilongjiang River basin, has good market prospects because of its high nutrient content and good taste. A wild population of P ussuriensis also inhabits the Qinhe River, but that population has greatly declined. The population will be increased by restocking native fingerlings and a national fish germplasm resource conservation area has been established in the Anze section of Qinhe River. In this study, the morphological and molecular biological differences between two wild P ussuriensis populations and one cultured population were compared. The goals were to accurately distinguish native P ussuriensis in Qinhe River from cultured populations and to facilitate fish germplasm resource protection and effective utilization. Wild specimens were collected from populations in the Qinhe River (35.91°N, 112.33°E) and Heilongjiang River (48.37°N, 134.25°E) and cultured specimens were taken from aquaculture net cages in Fuyuan county (48.30°N, 134.27°E). Sequence homology of mitochondrial DNA and morphological traits were analyzed using variance analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. There were four primary results: (1) Morphologic analysis of fifteen indices and other classification traits, nucleotide sequences for CO I, Cyt b genes and alignment of the D-Loop region of mitochondrial DNA all confirm that the fish sampled from Qinhe River in Shanxi Province were P ussuriensis. (2) Analysis of variance for morphologic differences among the three populations showed that wild P ussuriensis from Qinhe River have significant morphologic differences compared with wild Heilongjiang and cultured populations. The dissimilarity coefficient of the eye diameter/head length index was 1.354, a level sufficient for subspecies differentiation (>1.28); (3) Cluster analysis shows that the Qinhe River wild population forms a separate branch from the Heilongjiang wild and reared populations. (4) Four indices with large discrimination contributions were selected to develop a discriminant function for identifying the three P ussuriensis populations and the accuracy rate was as high as 84.6% in identifying P ussuriensis from the Qinhe River. Stepwise discriminant analysis shows that the central distance between the Qinhe River population and two other populations was greater than difference between the two other populations, and that the distribution of measured values of the Qinhe River fish did not overlap with the distributions of the other two populations. To avoid genetic pollution by artificial reproduction and release, we suggest release of the progeny groups of the original river to protect the local germplasm resource. The high accuracy of the discriminant function can easily distinguish whether a given fish is the offspring of the original species. |
| 刘青,左中原,王志涛,王伟伟,宋晶,吕丽华.2016.山西沁河乌苏里拟鲿形态、分子鉴定及与黑龙江群体比较[J].水生态学杂志,37(2):76-82. |
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