| 东湖通道工程对沿线水域水生植物的影响 |
| Influence of the East Lake Channel Project on Macrophytes in Nearby Waters |
| 投稿时间：2014-11-28 修订日期：2014-12-27 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2015.02.004 |
| 中文关键词:水生植物 东湖通道工程 影响因子 |
| 英文关键词:macrophytes East Lake Channel Project impact factors |
| 基金项目:东湖通道工程“重度人工干扰下水环境污染处置及综合控制关键技术研究”。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 东湖通道是武汉市在建的重要交通通道，穿越著名的东湖风景区，其中约5 km为湖底隧道。通过研究施工围堰对沿线水域水生植物的影响，可为湖泊管理提供应对措施。于2014年3月和5月通道工程施工期间，在其沿线的典型水域如封闭区域、半封闭区域、敞水湖湾、敞水迎风岸带和新形成的堤岸外共设置16个采样点，调查分析水生植物的种类、生物量和水质参数等。结果表明，水生植物群落结构受水温的影响，3月份采样时平均水温为13.7℃，未发现挺水植物，采集到菹草(Potamogeton crispus)、穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)和五刺金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum oryzetorum）3种沉水植物以及荇菜（Nymphoides peltatum）1种浮叶植物，可见少量的漂浮植物浮萍(Lemna minor)，其中沉水植物菹草为绝对优势种；5月份的平均水温为24.8℃，除上述3种外，还采集到了沉水植物苦草（Vallisneria natans），但菹草的优势地位明显下降，另外采集到了荇菜和菱（Trapa bicornis）2种浮叶植物，荇菜的相对生物量和优势度最高，也可见少量的浮萍。在相对封闭的水域，因受风浪的影响较小，这些区域相对于迎风岸带具有较高的水生植物覆盖度和生物量，水体的营养盐浓度也相对较高，总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）浓度的高低与水生植物生物量多少的变化趋势一致。通道施工形成的新岸堤外，只有部分位点分布有水生植物，其原因可能是因为目前这些位点缺乏种源、水体较深、透明度低等。由于通道围堰施工增加了沿线的封闭水体，使得水生植被的覆盖度和生物量大幅度提高，通道施工对其沿线水生植物的影响是正面的；施工期间对水生植物没有产生不利影响，但在工程竣工后拆除围堰时，须防止悬浮物和机械扰动对现有植被的破坏。
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| 英文摘要: |
| The East Lake Channel, across the famous East Lake scenic area, is an important traffic route under construction in Wuhan City and ~5 km is the tunnel beneath East Lake. The construction of the channel disturbed lake sediments and enclosed or semi-enclosed a portion of the water and these changes could affect the macrophyte community structure. A study was carried out on the macrophyte community structure, total biomass and water quality parameters in the waters along the tunnel line in order to investigate the influence of the tunnel construction on macrophytes and to provide management options for lake administrators. The investigation was carried out in March and May, 2014 at 16 representative sites located in enclosed waters, semi-enclosed waters, lake bays, windward areas and areas outside the new embankments. Aquatic plants were collected randomly with grass clips (0.38m×0.45m) in waters 100 m away the bank. Macrophyte species were identified and wet weight determined. Water samples (500 mL) were collected in glass containers for laboratory determination of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N). Water temperature (WT), pH and electronic conductivity (EC) were evaluated in situ with a YSI Pro-plus multi-parameter water quality analyzer. Results show that macrophyte community was primarily affected by water temperature. When sampled on March 20, the average water temperature was 13.7oC.Three submerged macrophytes, including Potamogeton crispus, Myriophyllum spicatum and Ceratophyllum oryzetorum, were detected, and one floating-leaved macrophyte, Nymphoides peltatum, and a little Lemna minor were also observed, but no emergent macrophytes were recorded. Among them, Potamogeton crispus was the dominant species. When sampled on May 23, the average water temperature was 24.8 oC. In addition to the macrophytes recorded in March, the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria natans and the floating-leaved macrophyte Trapa bicornis were also observed. Nymphoides peltatum had the highest relative biomass and was the most dominant species. The coverage and biomass of macrophytes were higher in relatively enclosed areas than those growing in areas obviously influenced by wind and waves. High biomass was always accompanied by high nutrient concentrations. The biomass of macrophytes showed obviously positive relationship with the concentrations of TN and TP. Macrophytes were seldom observed in the waters near the newly built embankments, which was probably due to the lack of seeds, deep water and low transparency in these areas. In summary, the construction of underwater tunnel had positive influence on macrophytes as it increased the relatively enclosed waters along the tunnel, where the coverage and biomass of macrophytes increased significantly. However, it is necessary to prevent damage on the existing macrophytes by suspended particles and physical disturbance when the embankments are dismantled. |
| 李双双,吕锦刚,高翔,周维成,李晓燕,李敦海.2015.东湖通道工程对沿线水域水生植物的影响[J].水生态学杂志,36(2):18-24. |
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