| 桂林市4个城中湖泊夏季浮游植物群落结构与水质评价 |
| Characterization of Summer Phytoplankton Community and Water Quality Assessment of Four Guilin Lakes |
| 投稿时间：2014-11-20 修订日期：2015-01-04 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2015.03.004 |
| 中文关键词:桂林 湖泊 浮游植物 多样性指数 水质评价 |
| 英文关键词:Guilin lake phytoplankton biodiversity index water quality assessment |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41161057）；广西教育厅项目(201106LX078；2013LX026；2013LX027) 。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2013年夏季对桂林市四湖（木龙湖、桂湖、榕湖和杉湖）浮游植物种类组成、生物细胞密度和主2013年夏季对桂林市4个城中湖泊——木龙湖、桂湖、榕湖和杉湖（统称“四湖”）浮游植物的种类组成、细胞密度和主要水环境指标进行调查，并评价了其水质现状。结果表明，四湖总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）浓度较高，平均浓度分别为0.87 mg/L和0.88 mg/L，TP在所有样点都超过Ⅲ类水标准。调查期间共检出浮游植物7门、58属、117种，以绿藻和硅藻为主；其中绿藻门27属、54种，硅藻门16属、37种，蓝藻门7属、12种，裸藻门3属、9种，黄藻门3属、3种，隐藻门和金藻门各1属、1种。细胞密度范围为18.97×104～550.74×104 个/L，平均值为304.87×104 个/L。四湖的叶绿素（Chl-a）浓度范围为1.09～18.85 mg/m3, Shannon-Wiener指数(H)介于1.39～3.97，Margalef指数(d)介于2.49～3.35，Pielou指数(J)介于0.25～0.71，Simpson指数（D）介于1.42～8.89，反映出四湖浮游植物种类分布较为均匀、群落稳定性较好、对外界抗干扰能力较强；桂林四湖总体上为Ⅲ类水标准，按水流方向依次处于贫营养-中营养-轻度富营养状态。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Mulong Lake, Guihu Lake, Ronghu Lake and Shanhu Lake, referred to as Sihu Lake in Guilin and located in the core scenic area of this city, have brought great economic benefits to Guilin but suffer from serious pollution. This has resulted in massive phytoplankton blooms, especially in summer. The composition and abundance of planktonic algae species reflect the water quality status with regard to both overall and chronic pollution of the water body and diversity of the algae community is an important index for evaluating its ecosystem function. In this study, spatial variation of the summer phytoplankton community including species composition, species number and density were investigated from July 11 to August 10, 2013 in Sihu Lake of Guilin. The water quality was also evaluated using the Carlson trophic status index (TSIm) and phytoplankton biodiversity to provide basic data for water pollution control and ecological management of Sihu Lake. Eight sampling sites were selected based on direction of water flow in the four lakes, distributed in the central area of each lake and the intersection of each two lakes. Phytoplankton samples for qualitative analysis were collected using No.25 plankton net, preserved in white glass bottles and fixed with 5% formalin. 1 L water samples for phytoplankton quantitative analysis were collected at 0.5 m below the surface using a glass water sampler and placed in polyethylene bottles and fixed with 15 mL of Lugol’s solution. Then the samples were concentrated to 30 mL by settling in the laboratory. Counting and identification of all phytoplankton samples were accomplished with an algae intelligent identification counter (Algacount S300). Measurements of pH and DO were made in situ before sampling and water samples were collected for determination of water quality parameters including TN, TP, NH3-N, NO3-N, CODMn and Chl-a. Concentrations of TN and TP in the four lakes ranged from 0.78 mg/L to 0.93 mg/L and 0.074 mg/L to 0.105 mg/L, with mean values of 0.86 mg/L and 0.088 mg/L, respectively．In all sampling sites, TP concentrations were relatively high and all exceeded grade Ⅲ of the ground water quality standard in China. A total of 117 species from 58 genera of 7 phyla were identified in Sihu Lake, including 54 species of Chlorophyta, 37 species of Bacillariophyta, 12 species of Cyanophyta, 9 species of Euglenophyta, 3 species of Pyrrophyta, 1 species of Cryptophyta and 1 species of Chrysophyta, with absolute dominance by Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta. Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta accounted, respectively, for 46.15%, 31.62% and 10.26% of the total phytoplankton species and all other algae species accounting for 11.97%. The density of phytoplankton was in the range of 18.97×104 cells/L -550.74×104 cells/L, with a mean value of 304.87×104 cells/L. Phytoplankton density increased in the direction of water flow, with the lowest value observed at the entrance of the Sihu Lake and the highest value observed in Shanhu Lake, consistent with the distribution patterns of NH3-N and CODMn. Concentrations of Chl-a ranged from 1.09 mg/m3 to 18.85 mg/m3, indicating mesotrophic to slightly eutrophic conditions in Sihu Lake. The Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, Margalef index and Pielou index of the phytoplankton community were, respectively, 1.39-3.97,1.42-8.89, 2.49-3.35 and 0.25-0.71, indicating that the phytoplankton community structure in Sihu Lake is stable and not susceptible to the external factors. This comprehensive assessment indicates that the four lakes of Guilin are oligotrophic-mesotrophic-mildly eutrophic according to the water flow direction, meeting class Ⅲ of the national water quality standard. |
| 陈朝述,李俊,陈孟林,于方明,邓华,周振明.2015.桂林市4个城中湖泊夏季浮游植物群落结构与水质评价[J].水生态学杂志,36(3):25-30. |
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