| 鄱阳湖典型湿地植被景观格局的时空变化分析 |
| Spatial-temporal Changes of the Typical Wetland Landscape of Poyang Lake |
| 投稿时间：2014-11-19 修订日期：2015-11-19 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2015.05.001 |
| 中文关键词:鄱阳湖 湿地 景观格局 遥感技术 地理信息技术 |
| 英文关键词:Poyang Lake wetland landscape ecology remote sensing geographic information system |
| 基金项目:环境保护部全国生态环境十年变化（2000－2010年）遥感调查与评估项目(STSN-05-14)；江西省科技重大专项—鄱阳湖科学考察（20114ABG01100-3-13）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 鄱阳湖是我国重要的湿地，对生态、水位控制、环境控制具有重要的调节作用.伴随着水位年际变化和季节变化剧烈，鄱阳湖湿地类型发生了显著变化，研究其景观格局变化对于正确认识鄱阳湖湿地生态系统演变，为湿地景观规划、湿地生态系统健康恢复具有重要参考意义。考虑到鄱阳湖湖相季节性变化巨大以及2003年前后三峡水利枢纽工程运行后水文情势发生重大变化，选取2003年前后平均水平年对应枯水期和丰水期遥感影像，采用遥感技术（RS）、地理信息技术（GIS）和景观生态学方法进行分析。结果表明，江湖关系发生重大变化后，鄱阳湖年平均水位由2002年之前的13.42 m（星子站吴淞高程）降至12.35 m，平均水位较前一阶段偏低0.45~2.25 m，枯水现象使得鄱阳湖水域面积明显缩小，湿地类型发生了较大变化。平均水位下降，适合植被生长的洲滩面积大幅增加，丰水期湿生植被面积增加了147.66 km2，枯水期增加了1192.43 km2，变化最大区域位于赣江支口与饶河交汇处的三角洲和赣江南支口的洲滩，消失的水面大多转换为湿生植物、挺水植物和泥滩等湿地类型。湿地类型的演变方式为水体和挺水植物演变为裸露泥滩，泥滩演变为湿生植被，湿生植被演变为其它湿地类型。2003年后除水体外湿地景观边界密度和聚集度指数呈现增大趋势，鄱阳湖景观格局整体上趋于复杂。鄱阳湖湿地景观格局变化受到“五河”来水减少、三峡工程蓄水和湿地地貌改变等自然因素和人为因素的双重影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Poyang Lake is an important wetland in China and plays a key role in regulating water level and aquatic ecology. However, the wetland of Poyang Lake has undergone significant changes due to drastic seasonal and annual variations of water level. Therefore, a study of the evolution of the wetland landscape pattern in Poyang Lake is important for a better understanding of the ecosystem and to provide a reference for wetland landscape planning and restoration. Spatial-temporal variation of landscape patterns in the Poyang Lake wetland were analyzed by combining GIS/RS technology and landscape ecology. The hydrological regime of Poyang Lake changed profoundly around 2003, so remote sensing images for the dry and wet seasons of average years were selected to represent the periods before and after the Three Gorges Hydropower Project began operating. Results show that the average water level (Wusong elevation system) of Poyang Lake declined from 13.42 m to 12.35 m around 2003 and the average water level declined 0.45-2.25 m, causing significant changes in the relationship between river and lake. The water area of Poyang Lake was significantly reduced and the wetland landscape pattern of Poyang Lake changed markedly. The declining water level resulted in an increase in marshland area suitable for growth of vegetation. The vegetated area increased by 147.66 km2 in the wet season and 1192.42 km2 in the dry season, with the most significant changes occurring in the delta area of the Ganjiang River and Raohe River and the bottom land along the south branch of Ganjiang River. The lost water area changed to an evolving wetland; submerged aquatic plants to emergent plants and on to mudflats, hygrophilous vegetation and other wetland types. After 2003, the wetland landscape edge density and aggregation index both displayed an upward trend and landscape patterns became more complex. The evolution of the Poyang Lake wetland landscape was influenced by both natural and human factors, including reduced flow from the "Five Rivers”, water impoundment in Three Gorges Reservoir and changes in landscape geomorphology. |
| 查东平,冯明雷,陈宏文,刘足根,廖兵,申展.2015.鄱阳湖典型湿地植被景观格局的时空变化分析[J].水生态学杂志,36(5):1-7. |
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