| 淹水胁迫对滴水观音光合气体交换参数的影响 |
| Effect of Submergence Stress on the Photosynthetic Gas Exchange Parameters of Alocasia Macrorrhiza |
| 投稿时间：2014-02-16 修订日期：2014-03-25 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词:淹水胁迫 滴水观音 光合气体交换参数 |
| 英文关键词:submergence stress Alocasia macrorrhiza photosynthetic gas exchange parameters |
| 基金项目:重庆市教育委员会资助项目（KJ121215，KJ131207） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以滴水观音为试验材料，研究了不同水位对滴水观音光合气体交换参数的影响。共设1/4淹、2/4淹、3/4淹和全淹4个处理，以不淹水处理为对照。于淹水后第10、20、30、40和50天分别测定各处理植株叶片光合气体交换参数。试验结果表明：1/4淹水处理和2/4淹水处理随胁迫时间延长，净光合速率（Pn）先上升后下降，在胁迫第10天时最高，胁迫试验期间均高出于对照，分别比对照组高26.26%、22.16%，差异显著（P<0.05）；3/4淹水和全淹处理滴水观音叶片的Pn在胁迫的20d内变化不明显，之后有所下降，均低于对照，分别下降37.57%和46.69%，差异显著（P<0.05）。在淹水胁迫第10天时，1/4淹水和2/4淹水条件下滴水观音叶片光合有效辐射（PAR）增加，明显高于对照，随后，1/4淹水PAR呈下降趋势，但仍高于对照62.12%，差异极显著（P<0.01）；1/2淹水处理下，滴水观音在胁迫的第20天PAR达到最大值，高于对照80.59%，差异显著（P<0.05）；3/4淹水和全淹条件下PAR呈先上升后下降的趋势，比对照分别低71.57%和82.99%，差异显著（P<0.05）。在淹水胁迫的第10天，滴水观音叶片的蒸腾速率（Tr）达最低值。在整个胁迫期间，1/4淹水和1/2淹水处理下的滴水观音（Tr）均高出对照处理，最终，较对照组上升了48.31%、33.20%，差异显著（P<0.05）；而3/4淹水和全淹胁迫下的滴水观音叶片（Tr）均低于对照，3/4淹水较对照下降16.09%，差异显著（P<0.05）；全淹比对照下降37.16%，差异极显著（P<0.01）。3/4淹水和全淹滴水观音在整个淹水胁迫期间的气孔导度（Gs）变化不大，趋于平缓，均低于对照组，并低于1/4淹水和1/2淹水组；在淹水处理第40天，3/4淹水和全淹滴水观音Gs分别低于对照22.36%、39.36%，差异极显著（P<0.01）；1/4淹水处理下滴水观音叶片Gs呈单峰曲线，在胁迫第30天达最高峰，随后有所下降，比对照上升40.28%，差异极显著（P<0.01）；1/2淹水处理下的Gs较对照上升了28.62%，差异显著（P<0.05）。在1/4和1/2淹水胁迫下，滴水观音叶片胞间浓度（Ci）明显低于对照以及3/4淹水、全淹处理，并随着胁迫时间的延长呈逐渐下降的趋势；3/4淹水和全淹胁迫下的滴水观音Ci上升明显。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, as indicators of photosynthetic capacity, can reveal the metabolic processes of the plants in different habitats. Alocasia macrorrhiza has been widely cultivated in wetland systems because of its ability to purify water and several studies have focused on the effect of water level fluctuation on its growth. In this study, we evaluated the effect of flooding stress on photosynthetic gas exchange parameters of Alocasia macrorrhiza. Photosynthetic gas exchange parameters of Alocasia macrorrhiza in five groups: a control group, 1/4 submerged group, 2/4 submerged group, 3/4 submerged group and a fully submerged group, were determined after 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days of treatment. Results show that the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of Alocasia macrorrhiza in the 1/4 and 1/2 submerged groups increased significantly, while intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) declined dramatically. However, the results were reversed for the 3/4 and fully submerged groups. The Pn of Alocasia macrorrhiza in 1/4 and 2/4 submerged groups was higher than that of the control group over the entire experimental period, increasing by 26.26% and 22.16% (P＜0.05), with the highest value recorded on day 10. The Pn for the 3/4 and fully submerged groups decreased by 37.57 % and 46.69%, respectively (P＜0.05), with no obvious change for 20 days. The PAR of Alocasia macrorrhiza in the 1/4 submerged group increased by 62.12%, was also highest on day 10 and was significantly different from the control group（P<0.01). The PAR in the 2/4 submerged group was 80.59% higher than the control group（P<0.05）and reached the maximum value on day 20. In the 3/4 and fully submerged groups, the PAR rose initially and then decreased, being 71.57% and 82.99% lower than the control group（P<0.05). Tr for the 1/4 and 1/2 submerged groups increased significantly by 48.31% and 33.20% (P<0.05), with the minimum values observed on day 10. The Tr values of the 3/4 and full submerged groups declined by 16.09% and 37.16% compared to the control group, with a significant difference in 3/4 submerged group (P<0.05) and an even more significant difference in the fully submerged group (P<0.01). The Gs in the 3/4 and full submerged treatment groups was lower than that of the other groups during the entire experimental period, being 22.36% and 39.36% lower than the control group on day 40. The Gs of 1/4 submerged group was unimodal and peaked on day 30, 40.28% higher than the control group (P<0.01). The Gs of the 2/4 submerged group increased by 28.62% as compared to the control group and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The Ci of the 1/4 and 1/2 submerged groups declined with time of submergence and were slightly lower than that of the control group, but the 3/4 and fully submerged groups displayed an obvious increase. It can be concluded that suitable submergence (1/4 to 1/2 submerged) improves plant growth and enhances purification ability. The submergence tolerance of wetland plants should be considered in the construction and management of wetland systems and wetland plants should be cultivated at an appropriate water level for effective water purification. |
| 朱启红,徐冬冬,夏红霞,胡晏玮.2014.淹水胁迫对滴水观音光合气体交换参数的影响[J].水生态学杂志,35(5):91-95. |
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