| 新疆额尔齐斯河北极茴鱼形态性状与纯重的通径分析及基于COI基因序列的系统进化 |
| Path Analysis of Morphometry and Net Body Weight of Thymallus arcticus in Erqis River in Xinjiang and Its Phylogenetic Relationships |
| 投稿时间：2022-07-20 修订日期：2022-09-10 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202207200285 |
| 中文关键词:北极茴鱼 形态特征 通径分析 COI基因 系统发育 额尔齐斯河 |
| 英文关键词:Thymallus arcticus morphometric characteristics path coefficient analysis COI gene phylogenetics Erqis River |
| 基金项目:新疆额尔齐斯河流域开发工程建设管理局科技计划项目（STPR2001015）；国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目（202210340023）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 探明北极茴鱼与同属近缘种间的系统进化关系，明确其分类学地位，可为制定资源保护管理方案及开展增殖放流工作提供参考资料。对93尾采自新疆额尔齐斯河北极茴鱼（Thymallus arcticus）样本31个形态性状和纯重进行通径分析，采用PCR技术扩增了线粒体DNA COI基因序列，结合GenBank数据库中下载的茴鱼属鱼类进行系统发育探讨，结果表明，全长（X1）、枕骨后末端至腹鳍起点距离（X14）、臀鳍起点至背鳍基部末端距离（X21）3个指标对鱼体纯重影响最大，可以作为辅助选育的最优表型；COI基因序列分析共得到26种单倍型，单倍型基因多样性（Hd）为0.984，核苷酸多样性（Pi）为0.0386，平均核苷酸差异（k）为20.7718，显示出较高的遗传多样性水平；系统发育树显示黑龙江茴鱼、欧洲茴鱼和北美茴鱼各自形成完整的进化枝，北极茴鱼可能存在不同的进化单元，新疆分布的北极茴鱼与短头茴鱼和蒙古茴鱼亲缘关系较近。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Thymallus arcticus, belonging to Thymallus, Salmonidae, and Salmoniforme, prefers the cold, clean open waters of medium to large lakes and rivers, and serves as an important target species for research on the water ecological environment. In China, T. arcticus primarily inhabits the Irtysh River and Heilongjiang River basins. In this study, T. arcticus from Erqis River was selected for study, and a total of 93 T. arcticus specimens were obtained from Erqis River in Xinjiang during November and December of 2019. First, we characterized the relationship of 31 morphological parameters of T. arcticus (8 traditional morphological parameters and 23 frame structure measurements) with its net body weight in Erqis River by path coefficient analysis. Then, the mitochondrial DNA COI gene sequences of the samples were amplified by PCR technology and the phylogenic relationship of T. arcticus with closely related species within the same genus was explored based on related COI gene sequences downloaded from the GenBank database. The aim of the study was to provide a reference for clarifying the taxonomic status, formulating conservation and management plans for resources, as well as carrying out stock enhancement programs of T. arcticus in Xinjiang. Results show that the correlation coefficients of 31 phenotypic traits with the net body weight of T. arcticus were in the range of 0.278-0.945, and 23 phenotypic traits showed extremely significant correlation with the net body weight. Among the 23 phenotypic traits, the total length (X1), the distance from the posterior end of the occipital bone to the origin of the pelvic fin (X14), and the distance from the origin of the anal fin to the base end of the dorsal fin (X21), had the greatest impacts on the net body weight of T. arcticus, and could be used as the optimal phenotypes for assisted breeding. A total of 26 haplotypes were obtained from 34 COI gene sequences of Thymallus species with the length of 538 bp. The haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.984, the nucleotide diversity (Pi) was 0.0386, and the average nucleotide difference (k) was 20.7718, indicating a high level of genetic diversity. The phylogenetic tree constructed based on the COI gene sequences of genus Thymallus and by neighbor-joining method showed that T. grubii, T. thymallus and T. arcticus arcticus formed separated clades, and there could be different evolutionary units for T. arcticus The T. arcticus in Xinjiang was closely related to the T. brevicephalus and T. brevirostris. |
| 毛 秦,钟 馨,单 阳,王思格,朱子妍,郭 焱,杨天燕.2024.新疆额尔齐斯河北极茴鱼形态性状与纯重的通径分析及基于COI基因序列的系统进化[J].水生态学杂志,45(6):152-160. |
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