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金沙江下游向家坝库区鱼类群落结构空间格局

Spatial Pattern of Fish Community Structure in Xiangjiaba Reservoir on the Lower Jinsha River

投稿时间：2022-04-24 修订日期：2022-06-24

DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202204240141

英文关键词:dominant species endemic fish species exotic fish species Xiangjiaba reservoir the lower Jinsha River

基金项目:国家自然科学基金（51779105，51979123）；湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划项目（T2020034）。

作者	单位
熊飞	江汉大学生命科学学院，湖北省汉江流域特色生物资源保护开发与利用工程技术研究中心，湖北武汉 430056；江汉大学，持久性有毒污染物环境与健康危害湖北省重点实验室，湖北武汉 430056；
郭祺	江汉大学生命科学学院，湖北省汉江流域特色生物资源保护开发与利用工程技术研究中心，湖北武汉 430056；
张伟	江汉大学生命科学学院，湖北省汉江流域特色生物资源保护开发与利用工程技术研究中心，湖北武汉 430056；
刘红艳	江汉大学生命科学学院，湖北省汉江流域特色生物资源保护开发与利用工程技术研究中心，湖北武汉 430056；江汉大学，持久性有毒污染物环境与健康危害湖北省重点实验室，湖北武汉 430056；
翟东东	江汉大学生命科学学院，湖北省汉江流域特色生物资源保护开发与利用工程技术研究中心，湖北武汉 430056；江汉大学，持久性有毒污染物环境与健康危害湖北省重点实验室，湖北武汉 430056；
段辛斌	中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所，湖北武汉 430223；
田辉伍	中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所，湖北武汉 430223；
陈大庆	中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所，湖北武汉 430223；

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中文摘要:

探究鱼类群落结构空间分布特征及其对梯级开发的响应，可为梯级水电开发生态环境影响评价及鱼类保护提供依据，为长江“十年禁渔”效果评估提供本底资料。为了解金沙江下游水电梯级开发对鱼类群落的影响，于2016-2018年采用复合刺网和地笼对向家坝库区库首邵女坪、库中绥江和库尾桧溪的鱼类群落进行了7次调查，探究了建坝后的鱼类种类组成、个体大小、生态类群及其空间分布特征。调查共采集到鱼类59种，隶属于6目16科49属，其中长江上游特有鱼类5种，外来鱼类12种。在邵女坪、绥江和桧溪江段分别采集到鱼类39、40和39种，Jaccard相似性指数分析表明，3个江段鱼类群落物种组成为中等相似。相对重要性指数（IRI）分析显示，邵女坪江段鱼类群落的优势种为中华倒刺鲃（Spinibar bussinensis）和?（Hemiculter leucisclus），绥江江段优势种为?、鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）、瓦氏黄颡鱼（Pseudobagrus vachelli）和鳙（Aristichthys nobilis），桧溪江段优势种为瓦氏黄颡鱼、镜鲤（Cyprinus carpio var. specularis）、鲤（Cyprinus carpio）、?、草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）和鲫（Carassius auratus）。NMDS分析显示，库首邵女坪和库尾桧溪江段鱼类群落差异相对较大，Bray-Curtis相异指数为0.59；库中绥江与库首邵女坪鱼类群落更为相似，Bray-Curtis相异指数为0.41；库中绥江和库尾桧溪的Bray-Curtis相异指数为0.46。广适性鱼类是向家坝库区各江段的优势类群，分别占鱼类种类、数量和重量的57.7%±5.9%、65.2%±20.7%和47.7%±16.1%；从库首至库尾江段其数量百分数分别为43.3%、67.8%和84.5%，呈现逐渐增加趋势。向家坝库区渔获群体体长范围为29~655 mm，平均体长为（128±65） mm，体重范围为0.1~5 408 g，平均体重为（70±218）g，主要种类（鲤和镜鲤除外）在不同江段间个体大小差异显著（P<0.05）。与蓄水前（2011年）相比，金沙江下游鱼类群落发生了显著变化，流水性的特有鱼类减少，外来鱼类增多。

英文摘要:

In this study, we explored the impacts of cascaded hydropower development on the fish community in the lower Jinsha River. The study was based on an investigation of fish community structure conducted from 2016 to 2018, focusing on species composition, body size, dominant species, ecological groups, and spatial distribution. The investigation, that included seven fish surveys, was conducted using multiple gill nets and cages in the Shaonvping, Suijiang and Huixi sections of the lower, middle and upper streams of Xiangjiaba Reservoir. A total of 59 fish species belonging to 49 genera, 16 families and 6 orders were collected, among which were 5 species endemic to the upper Yangtze River and 12 exotic species. There were 39, 40 and 30 fish species collected in the Shaonvping, Suijiang and Huixi sections, respectively. The Jaccard index of similarity showed that fish species composition in the three sections were at a medium level. The relative importance index (IRI) showed that Spinibar bussinensis and Hemiculter leucisclus were the dominant species in the Shaonvping section, H. Leucisclus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Pseudobagrus vachelli and Aristichthys nobilis were do inant in the Suijiang section, and P. Vachelli, Cyprinus carpio var. specularis, Cyprinus carpio, H. leucisclus, Ctenopharyngodon idellus and Carassius auratus were dominant in the Huixi section. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) showed that fish community structure between the Shaonvping and Huixi sections was more dissimilar with a Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index of 0.59, while the fish community structure between the Suijiang and Shaonvping sections were more similar with a Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index of 0.41. The Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index between the Suijiang and Huixi sections was 0.46. Eurytopic species dominated the Xiangjiaba Reservoir, accounting for (57.7%±5.9%) of the total species number, (65.2%±20.7%) in abundance and (47.7%±16.1%) in total catch weight. The abundance percentages of the eurytopic species were 43.3% in Shaonvping, 67.8% in Suijiang and 84.5% in Huixi sections, displaying an increasing trend from the lower to upper streams of the reservoir. Body length and weight ranges were 29-655 mm and 0.1-5 408 g, with mean values (±SD) of (128±65) mm and (70±218) g. Body size of the primary species was significantly different among the three sections of the reservoir, except for C. carpio var. specularis and C. carpio (P<0.05). In conclusion, fish community structure in the lower Jinsha River has changed dramatically since reservoir impoundment in 2011; diversity among endemic species has decreased and increased among exotic species. Our results provide a basis for ecological impact assessment of cascaded hydropower projects and fish protection in the lower Jinsha River and information for assessing the effectiveness of the "ten-year fishing ban" in the Yangtze River.

熊飞,郭祺,张伟,刘红艳,翟东东,段辛斌,田辉伍,陈大庆.2024.金沙江下游向家坝库区鱼类群落结构空间格局[J].水生态学杂志,45(4):82-91.

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