| 金沙江下游浮游植物群落生态特征及与环境因子关系 |
| Phytoplankton Community Ecology and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in the Lower Jinsha River |
| 投稿时间：2021-11-30 修订日期：2022-04-17 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202111300400 |
| 中文关键词:金沙江下游 浮游植物 群落结构 优势种 生态位 环境因子 |
| 英文关键词:lower reaches of Jinsha river phytoplankton community structure dominant species ecological niche environmental factors |
| 基金项目:中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研项目（JG18001/B），国家重点研发计划“典型脆弱生态修复与保护研究”重点专项（2016YFC0502210）资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究金沙江下游干流江段浮游植物群落特征及物种与生境之间的关系，于2019年6月和10月对金沙江下游攀枝花至水富段因梯级电站蓄水产生的三类不同水体（自然河流型、过渡型、类湖泊型）开展浮游植物与水环境调查，结果显示：2次调查共鉴定出浮游植物7门53属74种，主要以硅藻（47.30%）、绿藻（33.78%）和隐藻（6.76%）为主；浮游植物密度变化范围为13.9×104~105×104个/L，其中6月平均密度（54.92×104个/L）高于10月（27.22×104个/L），自然河流型水体平均密度低于其它两种类型水体。硅藻在自然河流型水体为绝对优势种，在过渡型水体和类湖泊型水体中其优势度降低，而蓝藻和绿藻优势度增加，但三种水体中以小环藻（Cyclotella sp.）平均优势度最大。各优势种6月生态位宽度Bi和生态位重叠ΔSOij分别为0.13~0.77和1.04~38.46，10月分别为0.10~0.80和3.55~39.48，和10月份相比，6月各优势种生态位宽度Bi较高，而优势种间生态位重叠ΔSOij数值较低，表明6月各优势种种间竞争态势相对均衡，群落状态相对稳定。Shannon-Wiener指数（H'）、Marglef指数（D）及Pielou均匀度指数（J）变化范围分别为1.99~2.69、2.56~5.88和0.50~0.78，总体表现为6月＞10月，自然河流型水体>过渡型水体>类湖泊型水体，各江段水体处于α-β中污染状态。浮游植物与环境因子的典范分析（Canonical Analysis）结果表明：透明度、流速、水温、溶解氧、总氮是影响浮游植物群落的主要环境因子，且不同优势种对环境因子的响应有所不同。研究可为金沙江下游梯级库区水资源保护和生态修复提供科学依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, we explored the phytoplankton community structure and their relationship with habitat in the Panzhihua-Shuifu section of the lower Jinsha River based on ecological niche theory. The study section was divided into three hydrological zones resulting from the cascaded power stations on the lower Jinsha River: The Panzhihua-Qiaojia section is riverine; the Matou and Xin’an sections, are transition zones; and the Jinping and Shuifu sections are lacustrine. In June (summer) and October (autumn) of 2019, a field investigation of phytoplankton and the water environment was carried out at seven monitoring transects representing the three hydrologic zones. A total of 74 phytoplankton species from 53 genera and 7 phyla were collected during the investigation, with dominance by Bacillariophyta (47.30%), Chlorophyta (33.78%) and Cryptophyta (6.76%). Phytoplankton density varied from 13.9×104-105×104 ind/L, with the a maximum average value of 54.92×104 ind/L in June and minimum value of 27.22×104 ind/L in October. The average phytoplankton density in the riverine zone was lower than that in the other two zones. Bacillariophyta was the absolute dominant taxa in the riverine zone, and its dominance decreased in the transition and lacustrine zones, while dominance by Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria increased. Chlorella sp. maintained the highest average dominance in all three zones. The niche width (Bi) and niche overlap (ΔSOij) of the dominant species were, respectively, in the range 0.13-0.77 and 1.04-38.46 in June, 0.10-0.80 and 3.55-39.48 in October. The higher niche width and lower niche overlap in June indicates that competition among dominant species was relatively balanced and community composition was relatively stable. The Shannon-Wiener index (H'), Margalef index (D) and Pielou evenness index (J) ranges were, respective, 1.99-2.69, 2.56-5.88 and 0.50-0.78. The biodiversity indices in June were higher than in October, and the biodiversity indices of the three zones were in the order riverine > transition > lacustrine. The water quality of the lower Jinsha River showed moderate α-β pollution status. Canonical analysis of the relationship between phytoplankton and environmental factors shows that transparency (TRA), flow velocity (FV), water temperature (WT), dissolved oxygen (DO) and total nitrogen (TN) were the primary environmental factors affecting phytoplankton community structure, and different species had different responses to environmental factors. This study provides background data for water resource protection and ecological restoration in the cascaded reservoir area of the lower Jinsha River. |
| 李博,苏巍,黄涛,胡凡旭,姜伟,唐锡良,孙干.2023.金沙江下游浮游植物群落生态特征及与环境因子关系[J].水生态学杂志,44(4):18-28. |
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