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梅溪湖表层沉积物营养盐和有机质分布特征及污染评价

Distribution and Pollution Assessment of Nutrients and Organic Matter in Surface Sediments of Meixi Lake

投稿时间：2021-11-22 修订日期：2021-12-29

DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202111220389

英文关键词:surface sediment organic matters nutrients pollution risk Meixi Lake

基金项目:国家自然科学基金（42007433）；长沙市科技计划项目（kh2201040）；湖南省投资项目《梅溪湖水质保障工程》（2020-430101-46-01-017317）

作者	单位
张小春	湖南湘新水务环保投资建设有限公司，湖南长沙，410006；
代丹	水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室，湖北武汉，430079
秦成	湖南湘新水务环保投资建设有限公司，湖南长沙，410006；
王瑞	水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室，湖北武汉，430079
王竹	湖南湘新水务环保投资建设有限公司，湖南长沙，410006；
韩增辉	湖南湘新水务环保投资建设有限公司，湖南长沙，410006；
吕克强	水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室，湖北武汉，430079
王辉	湖南湘新水务环保投资建设有限公司，湖南长沙，410006；
胡菊香	水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室，湖北武汉，430079
胡俊	水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室，湖北武汉，430079

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中文摘要:

探究梅溪湖沉积物营养物的空间分布特征及污染程度，为预防梅溪湖富营养化形成机制的科学研究提供资料，为城市景观湖泊水生态环境保护提供理论依据。2020年11月至2021年7月，分季节对梅溪湖表层沉积物（0～10 cm）进行采样，分析了沉积物总氮、氨氮、硝氮、总磷、有效磷和有机质等指标的时空分布特征和污染程度。结果表明：沉积物（0～10 cm）总氮、氨氮、硝氮、总磷、有效磷和有机质的平均含量依次为1654.68±754.22、24.66±20.02、13.60±2.33、512.60±281.39、8.58±6.81 mg/kg和2.84±1.43%。湖区东部营养物和有机质含量最高，人类活动对梅溪湖表层沉积物营养盐的空间分布有着较大的影响。梅溪湖沉积物总磷和硝氮含量在春季最高（4月），冬季（1月）最低。AP含量在春季（4月）最高，在夏季最低（7月份）。沉积物总氮、氨氮和有机质含量没有明显的季节差异。梅溪湖沉积物总氮和总磷的含量变幅分别为667～4000 mg/kg和184～1475 mg/kg，均已超出我国东部浅水湖泊沉积物营养物参考阈值范围；总氮和总磷的标准指数变幅分别为1.21～7.27和0.31～2.46，TN全部超标，梅溪湖生态环境质量受氮元素的影响较为严重，对湖泊生态系统安全构成了一定的威胁。相关分析表明，沉积物有机质与总氮、总磷、有机质、氨氮、硝氮均显著正相关，说明沉积物有机质的降解和释放对梅溪湖氮磷营养盐具有重要影响。

英文摘要:

Meixi Lake is a shallow urban lake, and its sediments reflect the aquatic ecology of the lake and greatly influence lake eutrophication. In this study, we explored the temporal and spatial distribution and nutrient levels in the surface sediment of Meixi Lake, aiming to provide basic data and theoretical evidence for preventing eutrophication of Meixi Lake and protecting water quality in urban lakes. From November 2020 to July 2021, surface sediments (0-10 cm) of Meixi Lake were sampled seasonally at seven sites (S1-S3 in the southwest area, S4-S5 in the central area, and S6-S7 in the northeast area) for the determination of TN, NH4+-N, NO3--N, TP, available phosphorus (AP), and organic matter (OM). Sediment (0-10 cm) concentrations (mean±SD) of TN, NH4+-N, NO3--N, TP, AP and OM were, respectively, (1 654.68±754.22), (24.66±20.02), (13.60±2.33), (512.60±281.39), (8.58±6.81) mg/kg and (2.84±1.43)%. Human activities greatly influence the spatial distribution of nutrients in Meixi Lake sediments. Spatially, the highest nutrient and organic matter concentrations occurred in the eastern area of the lake. Seasonally, sediment concentrations of TP and NO3--N were highest in spring (April) and lowest in winter (January), while AP was highest in spring (April) and lowest in summer (July). There were no obvious seasonal differences in sediment levels of TN, NH4+-N or OM. Sediment TN and TP in Meixi Lake ranged from 667 mg/kg to 4 000 mg/kg and 184 mg/kg to 1 475 mg/kg, respectively, exceeding the reference threshold range for nutrients in the sediments of shallow lakes in eastern China, with TN and TP standard index ranges of 1.21-7.27 and 0.31-2.46, respectively. TN levels in surface sediments at all sites exceeded the standard, and excess nitrogen seriously affects the ecological environment quality of Meixi Lake, threatening the lake ecosystem. Correlation analysis shows a significant positive correlation between sediment OM and TN, TP, AP, NH4+-N, and NO3--N, indicating that degradation of organic matter and subsequent release of nutrients in Meixi Lake sediments has a large impact on nitrogen and phosphorus levels.

张小春,代丹,秦成,王瑞,王竹,韩增辉,吕克强,王辉,胡菊香,胡俊.2023.梅溪湖表层沉积物营养盐和有机质分布特征及污染评价[J].水生态学杂志,44(5):107-113.

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