| 湘江流域干流水沙变化特征分析 |
| Variation of Annual Runoff, Sediment Discharge and Water Level in Xiangjiang River |
| 投稿时间：2021-06-27 修订日期：2021-08-28 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202106270206 |
| 中文关键词:水沙变化 突变性 周期性 Mann-Kendall检验 Morlet小波 湘江流域 |
| 英文关键词:water and sediment variation deviation periodicity Mann-Kendall test Morlet wavelet Xiangjiang River basin |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42001024, 41901026）；湖南省自然科学基金项目（2021JJ40011）；衡阳市科技计划项目(2018KJ134)；教育部大学生创新创业训练计划项目（S202010546025） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 运用Mann-Kendall趋势与突变检验、Sen 斜率估计和Morlet小波分析等方法，基于湘江湘潭站1960-2015年的水沙实测数据，分析湘江干流年径流量、水位和输沙量变化的趋势性和周期性规律以及突变特征，为湘江泥沙治理、防汛抗旱以及水资源开发与利用提供科学参考。结果表明：（1）湘江干流年径流量和水位平均每10 a增加1.54 %、0.04 %，增长趋势不显著；年输沙量平均每10 a减少16.49 %，呈现出显著的下降趋势。湘江中上游长期水土保持工程以及河道采砂活动是输沙量减少的主要原因。（2）在研究期内，湘江干流年径流量和水位没有十分显著的突变点，年输沙量在1998 a存在一个显著的突变点。对比1998年前后，水位与径流量、水位与输沙量的决定系数R2分别由0.66、0.31骤减至小于0.01，解释关系变为极差；径流量与输沙量的解释关系反而增强，决定系数从0.53增加至0.69。这些变化或与1998年湘江中下游特大洪水灾害事件及其后续高标准修筑防洪堤坝，加速推进水库闸坝和蓄滞洪区等水利工程建设相关。（3）湘江流域年径流量、水位和输沙量在长时间尺度上存在相似且稳定的27~28 a主周期，气候变化及降水周期性是主要影响因素；而在短时间尺度上，水沙要素的次周期性不显著且周期规律各异，流域内逐渐增强的高强度人类活动干扰是主要影响因素。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, the Xiangjiang River was selected for a case study and the trends, alterations, and periodicities of annual runoff, water level, and sediment discharge were analyzed. The analysis was based on measured water and sediment data collected from 1960 to 2015 at Xiangtan station, which covers 86.2% of the Xiangjiang River basin (81 638 km2). The succession of water and sediment at different time scales, and the influencing factors, were also characterized and analyzed. Statistical methods included the Mann-Kendall test, Sen slope estimation and Morlet wavelet. Results show that: (1) The annual runoff and water level of Xiangjiang River increased respectively by 1.54 % and 0.04 % per decade from 1960 to 2015, not a significant increase, while the annual sediment discharge decreased by 16.49 % per decade, which was a significant decrease. Long-term soil and water conservation projects and sand mining in Xiangjiang River were the primary reasons for the decreased sediment discharge. (2) During the study period, there were no significant deviations in the annual runoff and water level of the Xiangjiang River, but the annual sediment discharge did vary significantly in 1998. The correlation coefficients (R2) between water level and runoff, and between water level and sediment discharge decreased, respectively, from 0.66 and 0.31 before 1998 to less than 0.01 after 1998. However, the correlation between runoff and sediment discharge increased, with the R2 value increasing from 0.53 to 0.69. This change may be related to the catastrophic flood of Xiangjiang River in 1998 and the construction and operation of water conservancy projects that included reservoirs, flood control dams, and flood storage areas after 1998. (3) The annual runoff, water level and sediment discharge in Xiangjiang River had similar and stable primary periods of 27-28 years on a long time scale, and the characteristics of each primary period were very similar and stable. Climate change and precipitation periodicity were the primary influencing factors. On the short-term, the sub-periodicity of water and sediment elements were different, but not significantly, and the increase of high-intensity human activities in the basin was the primary influencing factor. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for sediment management, flood control, drought relief, water resource utilization and sustainable development in the Xiangjiang River basin and other similar basins. |
| 冯 畅,曾佳圆,杨 柳,周 薇,刘子怡.2023.湘江流域干流水沙变化特征分析[J].水生态学杂志,44(1):56-64. |
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