| 基于底栖动物的东江上游生态健康状况评价 |
| Ecological Health Assessment of the Upper Dongjiang River Based on Macrozoobenthos |
| 投稿时间：2019-12-11 修订日期：2020-03-06 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.201912110305 |
| 中文关键词:底栖动物 健康评估 BMWP指数 东江上游 |
| 英文关键词:macrozoobenthos health assessment BMWP index upper reaches of Dongjiang River |
| 基金项目:广东省人民政府联合基金重点项目(U1501235) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 大型底栖动物是评价水生态健康状况最常用的生物类群。为系统评价东江流域上游生态健康水平，以底栖动物为指示生物，2013年11月对东江上游的重要支流—鱼潭江、浰江、车田水、小庙水、彭寨水、沙洲水、罗浮水和黄麻布水进行采样调查，通过计算底栖动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H'）、Pielou均匀度指数（J）、Margalef丰富度指数（D）和BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working Party)指数，评估了8条支流的生态健康状况。结果显示，东江流域上游共采集到底栖动物109属种，隶属5门、9纲、55科，其中水生昆虫为主要类群，占总物种数的72.4%，EPT类群采集到18属种。研究区域的生物多样性指数较高，物种组成丰富，就不同水体而言，浰江的种类最丰富，小庙水种类数最少，各个支流均以水生昆虫类群占优势。底栖动物平均密度为2 362 个/m2，平均生物量为39.1 g/m2。河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)为第一优势种，出现率90%，第二和第三优势种分别为涡虫纲一种(Turbellaria sp.)和四节蜉属一种(Baetis sp.)。BMWP指数作为应用广泛的生物评价指数，对河流生态健康的指示作用最强，可达到快速准确的效果。研究表明，东江上游8条支流的生态健康状况总体较好，其中5条河流为极清洁。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Macrozoobenthos are the most common organisms used for assessing aquatic ecological health. In this study, we systematically evaluated the ecological health status in the upper Dongjiang River basin using macrozoobenthos as the biological indicator. In November 2013, a macrozoobenthos investigation was carried out in 8 of the primary tributaries of Dongjiang River (Yutang River, Lijiang River, Chetianshui River, Xiaomiaoshui River, Pengzhaishui River, Shazhoushui River, Luofushui River and Huangmabushui River). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Pielou’s evenness index (J), Margalef richness index (D) and Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) index of the macrozoobenthos community were calculated and then, based on the results, the ecological health status of the 8 tributaries was assessed. The aim was to provide basic data and scientific evidence for environment conservation and treatment of the Dongjiang River basin. A total of 109 macrozoobenthos species (genera) were collected, belonging to 55 families, 9 classes and 5 phyla, with absolute dominance by aquatic insects in all tributaries, accounting for 72.4% of the total species. Species of the EPT group (indicator of clean water) was as high as 18 species. Among the tributaries, species richness was highest in Lijiang River, followed by Yutan River, and the lowest species richness was in Xiaomiaoshui River. In the upper Dongjiang River basin the average density and biomass of macrozoobenthos community were 2 362 ind/m2 and 39.1 g/m2. There were eight dominant species, accounting for 68.7% and 67.8% of the total macrozoobenthos density and biomass. Corbicula fluminea, with a 90% occurrence rate, was the most dominant species in terms of biomass, and density as well in some rivers. Other dominant species included Baetis sp. and Turbellaria sp.. The Shannon-Wiener diversity, Margalef richness and Pielou evenness indices were, respectively, 1.77, 3.57 and 0.53. Overall, the biodiversity index of the study area was high and species composition was abundant. The ecological health status of the eight tributaries in the upper reaches of the Dongjiang River basin was generally excellent according to the BMPI index, and five rivers of the river basin were extremely clean. |
| 张 辉,袁世辉,姚志鹏,赵永晶.2022.基于底栖动物的东江上游生态健康状况评价[J].水生态学杂志,43(1):24-29. |
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