| 盐度对大黄鱼成活、生长和耳石金属元素的影响 |
| Effects of Salinity on Survival, Growth and Otolith Metal Content of Indoor Cultured Larimichthys crocea |
| 投稿时间：2017-10-30 修订日期：2018-11-14 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2018.06.015 |
| 中文关键词:大黄鱼 盐度 生长 成活率 耳石 |
| 英文关键词:larimichthys crocea indoor culture survival rate growth performance ear stone elements |
| 基金项目:福建省STS项目“大黄鱼耐低盐机制研究及低盐驯养技术的应用”（2017T3016）；福建省引导性项目“大黄鱼和缢蛏低盐混合养殖新技术研发与推广”（2017N0027）；鳌山科技创新计划（2015ASKJ02-05） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为解决大黄鱼（Larimichthys crocea）面临着海水养殖病虫害感染加剧、海岸带土地局限性和水环境污染等问题，最终实现内陆工厂化低盐养殖，采用缓慢降盐法，将大黄鱼在室内不同盐度中养殖，研究不同盐度对大黄鱼成活率与温度、生长性能和耳石金属元素组成的变化的影响。试验周期6个月（180 d），每个试验组设置3个重复，每组2万尾；海水盐度由24直接降至8，再以日均2的幅度将盐度降至6和4，然后以日均1的幅度继续将盐度降至2，最终将大黄鱼养殖在盐度分别为2、4、6、8、24的环境中；每天投喂2次颗粒饲料，每次投喂量为鱼体重的2%～5%，并视摄食情况酌情调整。结果显示，大黄鱼室内养殖成活率随着水温的升高而降低，水温28℃时，盐度24的海水养殖组全部死亡，水温30℃时，盐度2养殖组成活率（68.8±2.89）%极显著高于其他养殖组（P<0.01）；低盐养殖组的质量绝对增加率、绝对增长率、增积量和肥满度等生长指标在后期均优于盐度24养殖组；耳石金属元素锰（Mn）、钙（Ca）和锶（Sr）及Sr/Ca与盐度呈现正相关关系（P<0.05），而Fe、Co和Ba元素变化者没有规律性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Cage culture of Larimichthys crocea (large yellow croaker) is developing rapidly in China, bringing great economic benefit. However, the high frequency of disease outbreaks, limited available coastal land and ocean pollution threaten healthy culturing of L. crocea. Low-salt aquaculture at inland facilities may provide a solution to these problems. This study explored the effect of salinity on the survival, growth and otolith metal content of cultured L. crocea. In March 2016, healthy L. crocea (average body weight, 0.083±0.022 g; body length, 1.55±0.16 cm) were selected for a 180-day culture experiment. Five salinity groups (2, 4, 6, 8, 24 mg/g) were tested and each treatment was run in triplicate, with 20 000 test fish for each treatment.Salinity, initially at 24 mg/g, was directly decreased to 8 mg/g, and then decreased by 2 mg/g each day to give treatment levels of 6 mg/g and 4 mg/g and the 2 mg/g treatment level was obtained by decreasing salinity 1mg/g per day. Test fish were fed twice a day at 2%-5% of body weight. During the experiment, water temperature was measured each day and, on the sixth day of each month, 50 L. crocea were randomly sampled for measurement of body length and weight. The metal content (Sr, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co and Ba) of otoliths in each group were determined after the 180-day experiment. The survival rate of the indoor cultured L. crocea decreased with increasing water temperature, but lower salinity enhanced survival at higher temperatures. L. crocea at 24 mg/g salinity all died at a water temperature of 28℃, but the survival rate at 2 mg/g salinity (68.8±2.89%) was significantly higher (P<0.01) than in other salinity groups at 30℃. The quality, absolute growth rate, absolute weight gain rate and fatness of fish in the low-salinity treatment groups were higher than in the normal salinity group (24 mg/g). Otolith content of Mn, Ca, Sr and Sr/Ca was positively correlated with salinity (P<0.05), but no correlation was found between Fe, Co, Ba and salinity. |
| 黄伟卿,阮少江,张 艺,吉成龙,林培华,姚建平,刘家富.2018.盐度对大黄鱼成活、生长和耳石金属元素的影响[J].水生态学杂志,39(6):100-105. |
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