| 零换水条件下饲料蛋白水平对团头鲂幼鱼生长、消化酶活力和血清生化指标的影响 |
| Effects of Dietary Protein Level on Growth Rate, Digestive Enzyme Activity and Blood Biochemistry of Juvenile Megalobrama amblycephala Reared in Biofloc-based Culture Tanks |
| 投稿时间：2015-11-11 修订日期：2016-11-24 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2017.01.011 |
| 中文关键词:团头鲂 生物絮团 蛋白水平 生长 血液生化指标 |
| 英文关键词:Megalobrama amblycephala biofloc technology protein level growth performance blood biochemical index |
| 基金项目:国家大宗淡水鱼类产业技术体系华东养殖岗位(CARS-46-14)；“十二五“国家科技支撑计划“长江下游池塘高效生态养殖技术集成与示范”(2012BAD25B07)；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2015C06XK01) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究零换水养殖水体中饲料蛋白水平对团头鲂（Megalobrama amblycephala）幼鱼生长、消化酶活力和血清生化指标的影响，实验设计投喂4个不同蛋白水平的生物絮团试验组（BF-20%、BF-25%、BF-30%、BF-35%）以及1个投喂35%蛋白的循环水对照组，每个处理组设置3重复，每个养殖桶放养初始体重为（6.06±0.01）g团头鲂幼鱼25尾，养殖周期为6周。结果表明：（1）形成的生物絮团可以有效地调节水质，降低水体中的氨氮、硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮水平；（2）BF-30%和BF-35%组和对照组的终末体重、增重率和饲料系数差异不显著（P>0.05），但其显著高于BF-20%组（P<0.05），各处理组间的存活率没有显著性差异（P>0.05）；（3）BF-25%组、BF-30%组和BF-35%组的肠道蛋白酶、肝脏超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照组和BF-20%组（P<0.05），而BF-20%组的肝脏丙二醛含量显著高于其他处理组（P<0.05）；BF-25%组、BF-30%组和BF-35%组的血清碱性磷酸酶和溶菌酶活性显著高于对照组和BF-20%组（P<0.05），而其血清中总蛋白含量、白蛋白含量、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活力差异不显著（P>0.05）。研究表明，零换水条件下饲料中35%蛋白减少至25%蛋白并不影响团头鲂幼鱼的生长和非特异性免疫力。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Biofloc technology (BFT) presents a sustainable solution for aquaculture that does not threaten water quality control because of negligible water exchange. The technology also allows healthy culturing of fish and can use a low protein feed that decreases cost. This study was conducted to evaluate the growth, digestive enzyme activity and serum parameters of juvenile Megalobrama amblycephala reared in a biofloc-based aquaculture system with four dietary protein levels (BF-20%, BF-25%, BF-30% and BF-35%) and a control group. The aim of the study was to explore the influence of biofloc on the immune function of juvenile M. amblycephala and to determine the potential contribution of biofloc to dietary protein. M. amblycephala, initial body weight of （6.06±0.01）g, were randomly assigned to 15 aquaculture tanks, with 25 individuals in each tank and three repetitions per treatment. During the experiment, M. amblycephala were fed on a formulated diet with no water exchange and M. amblycephala in the circulating water control group was fed on the formulated diet with 35% protein. The water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen of each aquaculture tank were measured daily. After 6 weeks, water quality in the biofloc-based treatments was good, maintained by the biofloc that formed as a result of adding glucose to the tank. The biofloc maintains good water quality by removing ammonia, nitrate and nitrite nitrogen from the water. At the end of the experiment, the growth parameters (final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate) and feed conversion rate (FCR) in the control group were not significantly different (P>0.05) from the BF-25%, BF-30% or BF-35% treatments, but were significantly different from the BF-20% group. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in survival rate among treatment groups. The activity of intestine protease in the BF-25%, BF-30%, BF-35% groups had no significant difference with the control group but was significantly higher than the BF-20% group, while no significant difference was observed in the activity of amylase or lipase among treatment groups (P>0.05). Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the livers of the BF-25%, BF-30%, BF-35% groups were significantly higher than that of control group and the BF-20% treatment group. However, the malondialdehyde content in the BF-25%, BF-30% and BF-35% groups was not significantly different than the control group, but was significantly lower than BF-20% treatment group (P < 0.05). The fish in the BF-20% group had the lowest serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALK) and lysozyme (LZM), but no significant differences were found in the non-sepecific immunity (ALK and LZM) of fish fed the 25%, 30% and 35% protein diet (P>0.05). No significant differences were observed among groups for total protein and albumin or the activities of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase (P>0.05). The results of this study show that when juvenile M. amblycephala are reared in a biofloc-based tank, the dietary protein level can be reduced from 35% to 25% without affecting growth rate, physiological response or antioxidant level due to protein contributed by the growing biofloc. |
| 孙盛明,戈贤平,朱健,张武肖,苏艳莉.2017.零换水条件下饲料蛋白水平对团头鲂幼鱼生长、消化酶活力和血清生化指标的影响[J].水生态学杂志,38(1):68-74. |
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