| 三峡库区龙滩河水域牧场浮游植物群落结构及水质评价 |
| Phytoplankton Community Structure and Water Quality Assessment in Longtan River of Three-Gorges Reservoir |
| 投稿时间：2015-04-18 修订日期：2016-07-29 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2016.04.005 |
| 中文关键词:浮游植物 理化因子 水质评价 龙滩河 |
| 英文关键词:phytoplankton physical and chemical factor water quality assessment Longtan River |
| 基金项目:中国长江三峡集团公司科研项目（CT-12-08-01） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了解三峡库区龙滩河段生态养殖对水环境的影响，于2013年3-12月对该河段4个代表性断面进行了浮游植物群落结构及水体理化因子的监测。结果表明，龙滩河段浮游植物共计7门、99属种；其中，绿藻门39种（占39.39 %），硅藻门次之，为28种（占28.28 %），蓝藻门12种（占12.12 %）；
浮游植物的年均丰度和年均生物量分别为4.845×106个/L和4.469 mg/L；水体年均透明度为1.38 m, 叶绿素a、总磷、总氮含量分别为5.891 μg/L、0.138 mg/L、2.04 mg/L；香农多样性指数（H ′）、均匀度指数（J）年均值分别为3.22和0.91, 综合营养状态指数年均值为56.05，变幅38.57～68.52；由此推断，龙滩河水质为中污染至轻污染状态，属中－富营养型，龙滩河段养殖区与非养殖区的水质相近。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Longtan River is a tributary of the Yangtze River and Three Gorges Ecological Fishery Co., Ltd. began operating an ecological aquaculture project in the lower reach of the river in October, 2010. The aqua farm, with a water area of 1000 hm2, was constructed by installing a haul net. Silver carp and bighead carp, both filter feeders, were released and foraged naturally instead of being fed artificially or using fertilization. Since that time, the effect of the aquaculture operation on water quality has not been known. To assess the influence of the ecological fishery on the water environment, we made a seasonal investigation of the phytoplankton community structure and water physiochemical parameters at four sampling sites in Longtan River. Sites 1 and 2 were on the upper Longtan River, site 3 in the lower river, within the net, and Site 4 was on the lower Longtan River, outside the net. Water quality was evaluated according to phytoplankton diversity indices and the comprehensive trophic level index. The study provides basic data for water quality protection and formulation of scientific aquaculture strategies. In March, June, September and December of 2013, qualitative phytoplankton samples and 1000 mL mixed water samples for quantitative analysis were collected at the four sampling sites and physiochemical parameters of the water body were determined, including water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, transparency (SD), chlorophyll a (Chl-a), total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN). Results show that 99 phytoplankton species (2 varieties) from 7 phyla were observed in Longtan River. The species richness of Chlorophyta (38) was the richest, followed by Bacillariophyta (28), Cyanophyta (12), Euglenophyta (10), Chrysophyta (4), Pyrroptata (3) and Cryptophyta (3), accounting for 39.39%, 28.28%, 12.12%, 10.10%, 4.04%, 3.03% and 3.03% of the total phytoplankton species, respectively. Phytoplankton species were most abundant at Site 3 (83 species) and least abundant at Site 4, outside the net (71 species). The highest phytoplankton density and biomass both occurred in March (1.172×107 cells/L and 12.31 mg/L), and the lowest were observed in December (3.620×104 cells/L and 0.07 mg/L), with the annual average density and biomass of 4.845×106 cells/L and 4.469mg/L. Spatially, phytoplankton density was distributed in the order, Site 2> Site 3> Site 1> Site 4 and phytoplankton biomass was ordered, Site 2> Site 1> Site 3> Site 4. The annual average SD, Chl-a, TP and TN were 1.38 m, 5.89 μg/L, 0.138 mg/L and 2.04 mg/L, respectively. The mean Shannon-Weiner diversity index and average Pielou evenness index of the phytoplankton community was 3.22 and 0.91 in Longtan River, and the comprehensive trophic level index of Longtan River varied from 38.57 to 68.52 with the average of 56.05, indicating that pollution in Longtan River was light to moderate. Our study also showed that water quality in the aquaculture area was similar to that in non-culture areas and ecological aquaculture does not have harmful effects on the water environment of Longtan River. |
| 贺蓉,蒋 礼,郑曙明,周艳玲,邹沈娟,丁 山.2016.三峡库区龙滩河水域牧场浮游植物群落结构及水质评价 [J].水生态学杂志,37(4):30-35. |
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