| 陕西大宗鱼类养殖水域环境现状及质量状况评价 |
| Assessment of Present Situation and Quality of Fishery Environment on a Large Amount of Freshwater Fish in Shaanxi Province |
| 投稿时间：2009-11-27 修订日期：2010-01-20 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词:大宗鱼类 环境现状 质量状况 评价 |
| 英文关键词:a Large amount of freshwater fish Fishery environment Present situation and quality Assessment |
| 基金项目:国家大宗淡水鱼产业体系项目资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| ２００８和２００９年，对陕西大宗鱼类养殖水域１２项水质参数（ｐＨ、ＴＮ、ＴＰ、ＣＯＤＭｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ、石油类、挥发酚和非离子氨）进行了监测，采用单因子比较法和污染指数法进行了评价。结果表明，陕西大宗鱼类养殖水域不同程度受到ｐＨ、非离子氨、ＴＮ、ＴＰ、ＣＯＤＭｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｈｇ和Ｐｂ的污染。主要污染物为非离子氨、ＴＰ、ＴＮ和ＣＯＤＭｎ，２年中这４项污染物超标范围均占监测水域的７０％以上，负荷比Ｑ占到８９．５％和８０．８％；非离子氨是最主要的污染物，２年中其单项污染指数Ｉ（２０．２、５.８０）和负荷比Ｑ（５７．３７％、２７．７０％）均居首位，其次是ＴＮ（Ｉ：
４６９、５．２８；Ｑ：１３．３％、２５．２％）、ＴＰ（Ｉ：４０５、４．１３；Ｑ：１１．５％、１９．７％）。Ｈｇ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｐｂ的超标范围较小；石油类、挥发性酚和Ｃｄ在所监测水域均未超标。２００９年陕西大宗鱼类养殖水域污染程度比２００８年有所减缓，但所监测参数２年的差异均不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。慎防非离子氨中毒，开展总磷、总氮污染的治理应该是陕西鱼类养殖中首要解决的环境问题。
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| 英文摘要: |
| Measurements were made on 12 water quality parameters(pH，TN，TP, CODMn，Cu，Zn，Pb，Cd，Hg，oil, volatile phenol and non-ionic ammonia) of a large amount of freshwater fish breeding waters in Shaanxi province during 2008 and 2009，with comparison of single-factor and pollution index methods evaluated those parameters，and investigated the situation of aquaculture.The results showed that: the breeding water of a large amount of freshwater fish in Shaanxi was polluted by the pH，TP, TN and CODMn，which the pollutant extent exceeded the range of 70% in two years，the load ratio accounted for 89.5% and 80.8%; non-ionic ammonia is the most important pollutants，its individual pollution index I(20. 2, 5.80)and the load ratio Q(57. 37%，27. 70%) are ranks first，followed by TN( I;4.69, 5.28;Q:13.3%，25.2%)，TP(1; 4.05 ,4.13; Q:11.5%，19.7%)in two years monitoring. Hg，Cu，Zn，Pb exceeded small; oil，volatile phenol and Cd in the monitoring of the waters were not exceeded. The monitoring of all parameters were no significant difference(P>0.05)between 2008 and 2009 years. Beware of non-ionic ammonia poisoning，carried out TP, TN pollution should be the primary environment problems in a large amount of freshwater fish culture in Shaanxi province.
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| 贺玉良,杨元昊,王绿洲,杨娟宁.2010.陕西大宗鱼类养殖水域环境现状及质量状况评价[J].水生态学杂志,31(4):65-69. |
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