| 饵料结构对河蟹养殖池塘氮、磷收支和污染强度的影响 |
| Effects of Food Composition on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Budgets and Pollution Intensity in Chinese Mitten Crab(Eriocheir sinesis)Culture Pond |
| 投稿时间：2009-11-04 修订日期：2009-12-30 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词:配合饲料 河蟹 氮 磷 收支 污染强度 |
| 英文关键词:Formula feed Chinese mitten crab Nitrogen Phosphorus Budget Pollution intensity |
| 基金项目:江苏省社会发展项目（ＢＳ２００７１４０）；苏州市农业攻关项目（ＳＮＧ０８０５）；苏州市应用基础研究计划（ＹＪＧ０９１２）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过调查走访和实验分析，比较了３种投饵结构下河蟹（Ｅｒｉｏｃｈｅｉｒｓｉｎｅｓｉｓ）养殖池塘在氮、磷收支和实际污染强度方面的差异。１种饵料结构以冰鲜鱼为主，另２种含配合饲料，按照配合饲料使用量不同，分为低于１０００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２组和高于１０００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２组。结果显示，以冰鲜鱼为主的养殖池塘氮收支方程为：苗种３．０２ｋｇ（１．１０％）＋饵料２７２．１８ｋｇ（９８．９０％）＝渔获物３１．９２ｋｇ（１１．６０％）＋伊乐藻１３６．１８ｋｇ（４９．４８％）＋底泥沉积７９．５３ｋｇ（２８．９０％）＋尾水排放２７．５７ｋｇ（１０．０２％），磷收支方程为：苗种０．２６ｋｇ（０．４２％）＋饵料６１．０２ｋｇ（９９．５８％）＝渔获物１．４９ｋｇ（２．４３％）＋伊乐藻１５．０１ｋｇ（２４．４９％）＋底泥沉积４１．９４ｋｇ（６８．４４％）＋尾水排放２．８４ｋｇ
（４６３％）；配合饲料使用量低于１０００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２的养殖池塘氮收支方程为：苗种４．４９ｋｇ（２．７４％）＋饵料１５９．０９ｋｇ（９７２６％）＝渔获物４５．５５ｋｇ（２７．８５％）＋伊乐藻１３６．１８ｋｇ（８３．２５％）＋底泥沉积－３９．２６ｋｇ（－２４．００％）＋尾水排放２１．１１ｋｇ（１２．９０％），磷收支方程为：苗种０．５３ｋｇ（１．５７％）＋饵料３３．３０ｋｇ（９８．４３％）＝渔获物４７５ｋｇ（１４．０４％）＋伊乐藻１５．０１ｋｇ（４４．３７％）＋底泥沉积１１．９０ｋｇ（３５．１８％）＋尾水排放２．１７ｋｇ（６．４１％）；配合饲料使用量高于１０００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２ 的养殖池塘氮收支方程为：苗种４１３ｋｇ（２．５１％）＋饵料１６０．４２ｋｇ
（９７４９％）＝渔获物４３．７３ｋｇ（２６．５８％）＋伊乐藻１３６．１８ｋｇ（８２．７６％）＋底泥沉积－３４．５２ｋｇ（－２０．９８％）＋尾水排放１９１６ｋｇ（１１６４％），磷收支方程为：苗种０．４０ｋｇ（１．１７％）＋饵料３３．９１ｋｇ（９８．８３％）＝渔获物３．８２ｋｇ（１１１３％）＋伊乐藻１５．０１ｋｇ（４３．７５％）＋底泥沉积１２．５８ｋｇ（３６．６７％）＋尾水排放２．９０ｋｇ（８．４５％）。与投喂冰鲜鱼为主的池塘相比，使用配合饲料可使Ｎ沉积率由１０．６２％上升至２５．８１％，Ｐ沉积率由２．０２％上升至１２６７％，养殖水体总氮、总磷分别由２．３０ｍｇ／Ｌ、０．２３７ｍｇ／Ｌ下降至１．６０ｍｇ／Ｌ、０．１８１ｍｇ／Ｌ，尾水的Ｎ、Ｐ年排
放由２７５７ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、２．８４ｋｇ／ｈｍ２下降至１９．１６ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、２．１７ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。上述结果表明，河蟹养殖污染强度较低，使用配合饲料可以进一步降低其养殖污染。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Survey and experimental analysis was conducted to reveal the budgets of nitrogen and phosphorus and the pollution intensity of three food composition in Chinese Mitten Crab(Eriocheir sinesis)Culture Pond. The three food composition were:1，mainly with trash fish; 2，with less than 1 000 kg/hm2 formula feed; and 3，with more than 1000 kg/hm2.The result showed the nitrogen budget equation of the ponds mainly with trash fish is: fry 3.02kg(1.10%)+feeds 272.18 kg (98.90%)=catch 31.92 kg(11.60%) + elodea 136.18 kg(49.48%)+ sediment 79.53 kg(28. 90%)+tailrace 27.57 kg(10. 02%)，the phosphorus budget equation is :fry 0.26 kg(0.42%)+feeds 61.02 kg (99.58%)=catch 1.49 kg(2. 43 %)+elodea 15.01 kg(24.49%)+sediment 41.94 kg (68.44%)+tailrace 2.84 kg(4. 63%).The nitrogen budget equation of the ponds with less than 1 000 kg/hm2 formula feed is: fry 4.49 kg(2. 74%)+feeds 159.09 kg(97. 26%)=catch 45.55 kg(27. 85 %)+elodea 136. 18 kg ( 83. 25 %)+sediment-39. 26 kg(-24. 00%)+tailrace 21.11 kg(12.90%)，the phosphorus budget equation is: fry 0. 53 kg(1.57 %)+feeds 33. 30 kg(98. 43%)=catch 4.75 kg(14. 04%)+elodea 15.01 kg(44. 37%)+sediment 11.90 kg(35. 18%)+tailrace 2. 17 kg( 6. 41%);The nitrogen budget equation of the ponds with more than 1 000 kg/hm2 formula feed is: fry 4.13 kg(2. 51%)+feeds 160.42 kg(97.49%)=catch 43.73 kg(26. 58%)+elodea 136. 18kg(82. 76%)+sediment-34. 52 kg(-20. 98%)+tailrace 19. 16 kg(11.64 %)，the phosphorus budget equation is: fry 0. 40 kg(1 .17%)+feeds 33.91 kg(98.83%)=catch 3.82 kg(11.13%)+elodea 15.01 kg (43.75 %)+sediment 12. 58 kg(36. 67%)+tailrace 2. 90 kg(8. 45%).The nitrogen and phosphorus retention of the crab fed with trash fish ware 10. 62% and 2. 02%，while that fed with less than 1 000 kg/hm2 formula feed were 25. 81% and 12. 67%. Changing the food composition from trash fish to formula feed also lead the concentration of total nitrogen and total phosphorus to dropping from 2.30 mg/L and 0.237 mg/L to 1.60mg/L and 0.181mg/L, respectively. Meanwhile，the release of nitrogen and phosphorus via the tailrace discharge were decreased from 27.57 kg/hm2•year and 2. 84 kg/hm2•year to 19. 16 kg/hm2•year and 2. 17 kg/hm2•year, respectively. These results indicated that the pollution of crab culture is not serious，and further reduction of pollution could be achieved by feeding formula feed.
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| 戴修赢,蔡春芳,徐升宝,施陈江,吕梅良,叶元土.2010.饵料结构对河蟹养殖池塘氮、磷收支和污染强度的影响[J].水生态学杂志,31(3):52-56. |
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