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感潮河段江滩湿地水体交换模拟与调控措施研究

Water Exchange Simulation and Regulation of a Yangtze Estuary Wetland

投稿时间：2023-10-31 修订日期：2023-12-19

DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202310310304

英文关键词:wetland numerical simulation hydrodynamic water exchange capacity sluice and pump regulation measures tidal river reach

基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2021YFC3200304-06)；河口海岸保护与治理创新团队(Y220013)；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费重大项目(Y223002)

作者	单位
丁磊	南京水利科学研究院，江苏南京 210029；南京水利科学研究院港口航道泥沙工程交通部重点实验室，江苏南京 210029；
陈黎明	南京水利科学研究院港口航道泥沙工程交通部重点实验室，江苏南京 210029；水灾害防御全国重点实验室，江苏南京 210029
王逸飞	南京水利科学研究院，江苏南京 210029；南京水利科学研究院港口航道泥沙工程交通部重点实验室，江苏南京 210029；
缴健	南京水利科学研究院，江苏南京 210029；南京水利科学研究院港口航道泥沙工程交通部重点实验室，江苏南京 210029；
杨啸宇	南京水利科学研究院，江苏南京 210029；南京水利科学研究院港口航道泥沙工程交通部重点实验室，江苏南京 210029；

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中文摘要:

保障湿地水体交换能力对完善湿地功能，维持湿地生态系统的健康至关重要。南京绿水湾湿地是长江江滩湿地，具备多种湿地特点，动力条件复杂。以绿水湾湿地为研究对象，通过构建二维水动力―水龄耦合数学模型，模拟了现状和不同闸、泵调控措施下各区域的水动力特征及水体交换能力。结果表明：现状工况湿地内部水面覆盖率低，水体交换能力差，大部分区域水体交换时间在7 d以上，甚至是14 d以上；建闸后虽然增加了枯季的水面覆盖率，但明显减弱了湿地内水动力，延长了各区域换水周期，换水周期大于14 d的区域明显增多；补水泵站的运用整体上缩短了大部分区域的换水周期，使得水域流速大于0.01 m/s的区域面积明显增加，换水周期大于14 d的区域面积减少。建闸蓄水后，为预防藻类爆发，需控制湿地内水体的换水周期在14 d内，结合各区域水动力和水体交换特点，提出了闸门生态调度、布置净水能力较强的挺水或沉水植物、增设补水点等调度策略。

英文摘要:

A strong and stable water exchange capacity is crucial to maintain wetland function and health. Nanjing Lvshuiwan wetland, located in the Yangtze River estuary, is a typical tidal wetland and characterized by complex hydrodynamics and numerous features. For this study, Lvshuiwan wetland was selected for research, and the hydrodynamics were simulated with and without sluice-pump regulation. A developed two-dimensional hydrodynamic-water age coupled model was used to explore the water exchange capacity of the wetland under different hydrological conditions. Various scenarios were posed for conserving water and increasing the water exchange capacity. Our aim was to provide guidance for improving the aquatic environment of Lvshuiwan wetland. Results show that the current water surface coverage was low and water exchange capacity was weak in Lvshuiwan wetland. In most areas of the wetland, the water exchange time was over 7 days, and in some areas, the exchange time exceeded 14 days. Although water surface coverage in dry seasons increased after construction of the sluice, the hydrodynamics within the wetland were clearly weakened, water exchange time increased, and areas with an exchange time of over 14 days increased significantly. The use of a pumping station decreased the water exchange time in most wetland regions, significantly increased the area where water flow velocity exceeded 0.01 m/s, and reduced the area with an exchange time of over 14 days. To control algae blooms, the water exchange time in the wetland should not exceed 14 days after the sluice is built. Measures proposed to improve hydrodynamics and water exchange of the region include ecological regulation of sluice operation, adding emergent or submerged plants with strong water purification capacity and setting up additional water replenishment points.

丁磊,陈黎明,王逸飞,缴健,杨啸宇.2024.感潮河段江滩湿地水体交换模拟与调控措施研究[J].水生态学杂志,45(1):32-41.

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