| 考虑生态流量约束的梯级水库分期消落水位多目标优化调度研究 |
| Optimizing the Multi-objective Operation of Seasonally Drawdown-limited Water Levels for Cascaded Reservoirs Constrained by Ecological Flow |
| 投稿时间：2023-10-25 修订日期：2023-11-27 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202310250295 |
| 中文关键词:生态调度 消落调度 分期消落水位 多目标优化 梯级水库 |
| 英文关键词:ecological operation drawdown seasonally drawdown-limited water level multi-objective optimization cascaded reservoirs |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2021YFC3200303） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对如何表征枯水期季节性特征、优化分期消落水位来指导水库群消落调度的科学问题，该研究提出了考虑生态流量约束的梯级水库分期消落水位多目标优化调度模型。以金沙江中下游6座水库与三峡水库为研究对象，综合运用多种数理统计方法划分了流域枯水期；采用逐月滑动计算法推求了梯级水库分期消落水位；以生态和发电效益最大为目标函数，利用NSGA-Ⅱ算法求解了调度模型，得到了不同来水情景下梯级水库枯水期消落调度方案。研究结果表明：不同来水情景下，相较于常规调度方案，选定的优化调度方案可增加梯级水库发电量30.20~52.27亿kW·h（2.3%~5.0%）和供水量83.15~87.14亿m3（5.8%~7.4%），并提高河道生态流量保证率2.6%~22.9%。研究成果为协调梯级水库生态和发电调度提供了技术支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| More effectively optimizing the multi-objective operation of seasonally drawdown-limited water levels (DLWLs) for cascaded reservoirs would increase power generation while increasing the stability and sustainability of the aquatic ecosystem. In this study, six reservoirs in the middle and lower reaches of Jinsha River and Three Gorges Reservoir were selected for research, and we developed a model for optimizing the multi-objective operation of seasonal DLWLs in the cascaded reservoirs that includes the constraint of ecological flow. Optimal operation schemes for cascaded reservoirs were developed under four hydrologic scenarios. Our aims were to provide guidance for the drawdown of cascaded reservoirs during the dry season that meets the water requirements for power generation, ecosystem conservation and water supply, and to provide technical support for the sustainable use of water resources. The dry season considered was from December 1 to June 10, determined by comprehensive consideration of precipitation, runoff from the river basin and operating rules. The drought season was then divided into three phases using several statistical analysis methods. Next, the seasonal DLWLs of the cascaded reservoirs were identified using a month-by-month moving calculation. Finally, optimal schemes for the cascaded reservoirs under the four hydrological scenarios were obtained by taking the maximum ecological and power generation benefits as objective functions and posing the drawdown model using the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). Compared with the current operation scheme, the optimized scheme significantly increases power generation under the four hydrologic scenarios by 3 020 - 5 227 million kW·h (2.3%-5.0%) and water supply by 8 315 - 8 714 million m3 (5.8%-7.4%), and improves the ecological flow rate by 2.6%-30.2%. This research provides technical support for synergizing the ecology and power generation of cascaded reservoirs. |
| 林凡奇,周研来,薛凯元.2024.考虑生态流量约束的梯级水库分期消落水位多目标优化调度研究[J].水生态学杂志,45(1):10-17. |
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