| 水电开发对大渡河上游鱼类资源的影响与保护对策 |
| Impact of Hydropower Development on Fish Resources in the Upper Dadu River and Countermeasures for Conservation |
| 投稿时间：2022-10-11 修订日期：2022-11-27 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202210110406 |
| 中文关键词:水电开发 鱼类资源 外来物种 保护对策 大渡河上游 |
| 英文关键词:hydropower development fish resources exotic species conservation countermeasures upper Dadu River |
| 基金项目:大渡河上游水电开发与鱼类保护研究项目（W2022000359000）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2019~2021年对大渡河上游鱼类资源状况进行了调查，并对调查数据进行了分析。结果表明，大渡河上游共调查到鱼类3目8科23属41种，其中，鲤形目鱼类30种，占总种数的73.17%，鲤科13种，占鲤形目鱼类的43.33%；土著鱼类29种，占总种数的70.73%，属典型的高原鱼类，其中，珍稀保护及特有鱼类15种，占土著鱼类总种数的51.72%，包括3种国家级保护鱼类、4种省级保护鱼类和15种长江上游特有鱼类；外来物种12种，占总种数的29.27%，主要为鲤科、鳅科和鮰科等鱼类，其中，鲤科种类居多，占50%。大渡河裸裂尻（Schizopygopsis chengi）、齐口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax prenanti)、重口裂腹鱼(S. davidi)是大渡河上游优势种，不同河段优势种有所不同，泸定以上河段比较近似。受水电开发等活动的影响，大渡河上游整体鱼类资源呈衰退趋势，川陕哲罗鲑(Hucho bleereri)、长须裂腹鱼(S. longibarbus)分布范围和资源量在缩减，青石爬鮡(Euchiloglanis davidi)、黄石爬鮡(E. kishinouyei)、中华金沙鳅(Jinshaia sinensis)、西昌华吸鳅(Sinogastromyzon sichuangensis)、软刺裸裂尻鱼(S. malacanthus)等已逐渐退出库区，中华鮡(Pareuchilogiants sinensis)、厚唇裸重唇鱼(Gynmoliptychus pachycheilus)已难采集到；针对目前大渡河上游鱼类资源的变化趋势和面临的问题，文章给出了相应的保护对策与建议。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, we explored species succession and impacts on fish community structure in the upper reaches of Dadu River during the periods of hydropower development and operation, aiming to provide reference data to formulate conservation measures for fishery resources and mitigate the impact of dam construction and operation on aquatic ecology. The study was based on a fishery resource investigation conducted in the mainstream and tributaries of the upper Dadu River from 2019 to 2021. A total of 36 sampling sites were set in the study area, and the data were analyzed by segments of source area above Shuangjiangkou, the Shuangjiangkou to Danba section, and the Danba to Luding River section, with 13, 15 and 8 sampling sites, respectively. Comparative analysis of the fish community composition among the three segments was conducted by calculating the index of relative importance (IRI) and species similarity index. A total of 36 fish species belonging to 22 genera, 8 families and 3 orders were identified in the upper Dadu River, with the dominance by family Cyprinidae (12 species) and order Cypriniformes (27 species), accounting for 44.44% of Cypriniformes species and 75.00% of the total species. There were 24 indigenous species recorded during the survey, accounting for 66.67% of the total species, and they were typical plateau fishes. Among them, 12 species are rare and endemic, accounting for 50.00% of the total indigenous species, and including 2 national protected species, 3 provincial protected species and 11 species endemic to the upper Yangtze River. There were 12 exotic species, accounting for 33.33% of the total species, primarily consisting of Cyprinidae, loach and catfish, and dominated by Cyprinidae (50%). Fish caught in the source area above Shuangjiangkou were primarily Schizopygopsis chengi, Schizothorax prenanti, S. malacanthus and S. davidi, accounting for 91.16% of the total collected, with IRIs of 4 844.39, 3 803.33, 2 683.09, 2 662.73, respectively. Fish caught in the Shuangjiangkou to Danba section were primarily S. chengi, Triplophysa stenura, S. prenanti and S. davidi, accounting for 59.69% of the total collected, with IRIs of 4 480.77, 2 568.56, 1 361.35, 1 058.01, respectively. Fish caught in the Danba to Luding River section were primarily S. prenanti, T. leptosoma, Liobagrus marginatus, S. davidi, Cyprinus carpio specularis and Silurus asotus accounting for 91.27% of the total collected, with IRIs of 3 016.12, 2 344.34, 1 955.13, 1 375.80, 965.37, 893.52, respectively. S. chengi, S. prenanti and S. davidi were the dominant species in the upper reaches of Dadu River, and the dominant species varied with river section, while the dominant species in the reaches above the Danba section was more similar. Impacted by hydropower development and other human activities, the fish resources in the upper reaches of Dadu River are declining and trending toward miniaturization. To effectively conserve fish resources in the upper Dadu River, we recommend promptly implementing fish habitat protection zones, restoring fish habitat in the major tributaries, controlling exotic species, and conducting research on ecological operation of hydropower stations. |
| 张东亚,侯轶群,张志明,李红涛,李 华,陶江平.2024.水电开发对大渡河上游鱼类资源的影响与保护对策[J].水生态学杂志,45(6):76-85. |
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