| 云南5个典型高原湖泊沉水植物群落组成及其与环境因子的关系 |
| Community Composition of Submerged Macrophytes and Relationship with Environmental Factors in Five Yunnan Plateau Lakes |
| 投稿时间：2022-08-03 修订日期：2022-10-27 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202208030303 |
| 中文关键词:高原湖泊 沉水植物 空间分布 环境因子 冗余分析 |
| 英文关键词:plateau lakes submerged macrophytes spatial distribution environmental factors redundancy analysis |
| 基金项目:国家科技基础资源调查专项（2019FY101900）；流域水治理重大关键技术研究项目“长江流域水工程生态效应研究”联合资助。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过对云南中部5个典型高原湖泊沉水植物群落组成、分布特征和水环境状况进行野外调查，研究该区域主要沉水植物群落组成及其与环境因子的关系。综合营养状态指数法计算表明所选取的5个湖泊中异龙湖、杞麓湖和星云湖属于富营养湖泊，抚仙湖和阳宗海属于贫-中营养湖泊。调查共发现沉水植物6科10属15种，微齿眼子菜（Potamogeton maackianus）和穿叶眼子菜（P. perfoliatus）在贫-中营养湖泊中为主要优势种，穗花狐尾藻（Myriophyllum spicatum）和篦齿眼子菜（P. pectinatus）在各营养类型湖泊中均能成为优势种或亚优势种，轮叶黑藻（Hydrilla verticillata）、菹草（P. crispus）和金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum）仅在富营养湖泊中成为优势种。沉水植物多样性分析表明，抚仙湖的香农-威纳多样性H＇最高，平均值达到1.63；杞麓湖的H＇最低，平均值仅0.79，总体来说，贫-中营养湖泊的沉水植物多样性要大于富营养湖泊。沉水植物群落物种与水环境因子的冗余分析（Redundancy analysis, RDA）结果显示，透明度（SD）、pH值、硝氮（NO3--N）是影响这些不同营养水平湖泊沉水植物分布特征的关键环境因子，pH值、氨氮（NH4+-N）、水温（WT）是影响贫-中营养湖泊沉水植物分布特征的关键环境因子，WT、电导率（SPC）、叶绿素a（Chl-a）是影响富营养湖泊沉水植物分布特征的关键环境因子。本研究辨识了影响云南高原湖泊沉水植物组成及分布的关键水环境因子，对于恢复、保护和管理该区域湖泊沉水植物具有重要的指导意义。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Many studies have suggested that restoration of the submerged plant community is an important means for controlling lake eutrophication. Therefore, it is important to study the composition and distribution of the submerged plant communities in lakes and the relationship with the water environment factors. In this study, five typical plateau lakes in central Yunnan Province were selected for research, including Yilong Lake (YLH), Qilu Lake (QLH), Xingyun Lake (XYH), Fuxian Lake (FXH) and Yangzonghai Lake (YZH). We investigated the composition and distribution of submerged macrophytes communities in the five lakes, and the relationship between the distribution of submerged macrophytes and water environmental factors. A two-year investigation of submerged plants and water environment factors were conducted in the five lakes during September and October of 2020 and 2021. The comprehensive nutrient status indices of Yilong Lake, Qilu Lake and Xingyun Lake were 63.55±6.28, 67.26±1.89 and 72.08±2.04, respectively, indicating an eutrophic state, and the comprehensive nutrient status indices of Fuxian Lake (FXH) and Yangzonghai lake (YZH) were 28.01±4.82 and 41.47±1.96, respectively, indicating an oligotrophic-mesotrophic state. A total of 15 submerged macrophyte species belonging to 6 families and 10 genera were identified during the investigation. Myriophyllum spicatum, P. pectinatus were dominant species in all lakes, Potamogeton maackianus and P. perfoliatus were dominant in the oligotrophic-mesotrophic lakes, and Hydrilla verticillata, P. crispus and Ceratophyllum demersum were dominant in the eutrophic lakes. The Shannon-Weiner diversity (H') index of the submerged macrophytes in FXH was highest, with an average value of 1.63, while the diversity index of QLH was lowest, with an average value of only 0.79. In general, submerged macrophyte diversity was higher in the oligotrophic-mesotrophic lakes than in the eutrophic lakes. Redundancy analysis of the submerged plants and the environmental factors shows that transparency, pH and NO3--N were the key factors affecting the distribution of submerged macrophytes in lakes with different nutrient levels; pH, NH4+-N and WT were the key factors in oligotrophic-mesotrophic lakes; and WT, conductivity and Chl-a were the key factors in eutrophic lakes. In conclusion, we identified the key water environmental factors affecting the distribution of submerged macrophytes in lakes on the Yunnan Plateau, which will provide guidance for the restoration, protection and management of submerged macrophytes in lakes in Yunnan plateau lakes. |
| 朱利明,张道熙,史 方,邹 曦,张志永,胡 莲.2024.云南5个典型高原湖泊沉水植物群落组成及其与环境因子的关系[J].水生态学杂志,45(5):39-48. |
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