| 养殖尾水处理系统填料生物膜氮循环微生物功能特征 |
| Functional Characteristics of Nitrogen Cycling Microbes in the Biofilm Carrier of an Aquaculture Tailwater Treatment System |
| 投稿时间：2022-03-16 修订日期：2023-03-21 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202203160076 |
| 中文关键词:养殖尾水处理系统 填料生物膜 氮循环 功能微生物 |
| 英文关键词:aquaculture tailwater treatment system biofilm carrier nitrogen cycle functional microorganisms |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD0900103)；北京市农林科学院青年科研基金（QNJJ2020）；北京市渔业创新团队项目（BAIC07-2022-06）；河北省重点研发计划项（22326701D） |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 曲疆奇 | 北京市农林科学院水产科学研究所,渔业生物技术北京重点实验室, 北京100068； | | 张清靖 | 北京市农林科学院水产科学研究所,渔业生物技术北京重点实验室, 北京100068； | | 杨浩辰 | 北京市农林科学院水产科学研究所,渔业生物技术北京重点实验室, 北京100068；大连海洋大学, 辽宁 大连 116023 | | 赵 萌 | 北京市农林科学院水产科学研究所,渔业生物技术北京重点实验室, 北京100068； | | 朱 华 | 北京市农林科学院水产科学研究所,渔业生物技术北京重点实验室, 北京100068； |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨填料生物膜在养殖尾水处理中对水体氮循环的影响机制，采用16S rRNA基因扩增子测序和宏基因组测序技术，对填料生物膜、水体细菌的群落结构及其与氮循环相关的功能基因丰度差异特征进行了研究。结果显示，填料生物膜微生物主要参与氮代谢活动。在属水平上，Pseudomonas菌、Spirochaeta菌、Opitutus菌和Syntrophus菌是填料生物膜氮素转化关键过程的重要功能微生物类群。与水体相比，填料生物膜的碳代谢活动能力较强（P<0.05）；填料生物膜上固氮功能基因nifH、硝化功能基因hao、反硝化和异化硝酸盐功能基因napA、nirS、norB、norC、nrfA、nirB以及氮代谢调控基因ntrC及其相应的关键酶均显著高于周围水体（P<0.05），且对含氮污染物有显著去除效果。研究表明，养殖尾水处理系统内复合填料生物膜具有比周围水环境更强的氮周转能力，主要通过关键功能物种介导的固氮和反硝化作用实现养殖尾水氮素的转化和迁移。研究结果作为野外实验证据，可为复合填料生物膜系统在水产养殖尾水治理中的应用提供理论依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, we explored the differences in bacterial community structure and abundance in the functional genes related to nitrogen cycling between the biofilm carrier and pond water of an aquaculture tailwater treatment system. Our objective was to better understand the mechanism by which the biofilm carrier effects nitrogen cycling during tailwater treatment. The study was carried out from May to August of 2020 in an aquaculture pond (65×55×2 m) with a biofilm carrier treatment system. After the biofilm stabilized on the carrier, samples of the biofilm and pond water were collected monthly for microbial analysis by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metagenomic sequencing. As samples were collected, some water quality parameters were determined in situ and others by laboratory analysis. Results show that nitrogen metabolism was carried out primarily by biofilm microbes and, at the genus level, the primary bacterial groups involved with nitrogen transformations included Pseudomonas, Spirochaeta, Opitutus and Syntrophus. Compared with the pond water, carbon metabolic activity in the biofilm carrier was significantly stronger (P<0.05). The relative abundance of the functional gene nifH (nitrogen fixation), hao (nitrification), napA, nirS, norB, norC, nrfA and nirB (denitrification) and ntrC (nitrogen metabolism regulation) and their corresponding key enzymes were significantly higher than those in the surrounding water (P<0.05). Further, the biofilm carrier system significantly decreased nitrogen concentration, indicating that the biofilm microbes had a stronger nitrogen turnover rate than the surrounding water environment. Our results show that biofilm microbes in the aquaculture tailwater treatment system were primarily involved in the transformation and migration of nitrogen through nitrogen fixation and denitrification. The field data from this study provide a theoretical basis for implementing biofilm carrier systems for treating aquaculture tailwater. |
| 曲疆奇,张清靖,杨浩辰,赵 萌,朱 华.2023.养殖尾水处理系统填料生物膜氮循环微生物功能特征[J].水生态学杂志,44(2):104-113. |
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