| 三峡水库近坝段消落区土壤重金属分布特征及污染评价 |
| Distribution and Pollution Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals in the Water-level-fluctuation Zone near the Dam of Three Gorges Reservoir |
| 投稿时间：2022-03-11 修订日期：2023-07-17 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202203110069 |
| 中文关键词:消落带 重金属 分布特征 风险评价 三峡水库 |
| 英文关键词:water-level-fluctuation zone heavy metals distribution characteristics risk assessment Three Gorges Reservoir |
| 基金项目:中国长江三峡集团有限公司技术服务项目（SXSNZB/0515） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究三峡水库近坝段消落区土壤重金属分布特征，保障区域水生态安全，分别在兰陵溪、郭家坝和龙潭坪消落区的160 m以下、160~170 m 和170 m以上3个高程区间内采集土壤样品，并利用单项污染指数法、综合污染指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评估该地区重金属污染程度和潜在危害。结果表明，重金属平均含量均在安全阈值以内，不同地区重金属分布存在空间异质性，除Cd、Ni外，As、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn在龙潭坪地区处于最低水平，分别为13.97、25.37、209.36、133.36和78.03 mg/kg；不同高程的重金属分布不均匀，并且Cr和Ni两者间，As、Pb和Cd三者间均存在相关关系。单项污染指数法表明，尽管部分研究区Cu、Ni、Zn元素的计算值出现波动，但各地区和各高程区间重金属单项污染指数平均值均低于1。综合污染指数表明，兰陵溪和郭家坝消落区为Ⅱ级尚清洁水平，龙潭坪消落区为Ⅰ级清洁水平；3个高程区间均属于Ⅱ级尚清洁水平。潜在生态风险指数表明，该地区为轻度潜在生态危害，主要生态风险元素为Cd，且兰陵溪>郭家坝>龙潭坪消落区，160~170 m>170 m以上>160 m以下高程区间的趋势。针对三峡水库消落区现状，研究结果可为土壤重金属的污染防治提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, we characterized the distribution of heavy metals in water-level-fluctuation zone soils near the dam of Three Gorges Reservoir, and explored the influence of fluctuating water levels on the distribution of heavy metals. The pollution degree and ecological risk posed by heavy metals were then assessed using three methods：the single pollution index, the comprehensive pollution index and the potential ecological risk index. In July 2020, soil samples in the water-level-fluctuation zones of three areas (Lanlingxi, Guojiaba and Longtanping) were collected along three elevation intervals (< 160 m, 160-170 m and > 170 m) for the determination of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn). The average soil concentrations of heavy metals were all within the safety threshold and their distribution was heterogeneous. Except for Cd and Ni, heavy metal levels were lowest in the Longtanping area, with respective values for As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn of 13.97, 25.37, 209.36, 133.36 and 78.03 mg/kg. The distribution of heavy metals at different elevation intervals was not uniform, and there were correlations between the distribution of Cr and Ni, and between As, Pb and Cd. The average single-factor pollution indices of heavy metals in each region and each elevation interval were all <1, indicating low soil pollution. The comprehensive pollution indices of the three investigated areas ranged from 0.69 to 0.93, with the Lanlingxi and Guojiaba soils at a clean level of Grade II, and the Longtanping soils at Grade I. The average comprehensive pollution indices of the three elevation intervals were all at a clean level of Grade II. The potential ecological risk index of all three areas indicated a mild potential ecological hazard, with the primary ecological risk posed by Cd. The potential ecological risk of the three regions was in the order of Lanlingxi > Guojiaba > Longtanping, and the potential ecological risk of the elevation intervals was in the order of 160-170 m > above 170 m > below 160 m. The study provides data and theoretical support for the prevention and control of soil heavy metal pollution in the water-level-fluctuation zone of Three Georges Reservoir. |
| 黄桂云,蔡玉鹏,徐 敏,邱利文,张定军,李 豪,郭银花,张 俊,李 政.2023.三峡水库近坝段消落区土壤重金属分布特征及污染评价[J].水生态学杂志,44(4):107-114. |
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