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6个不同水域刀鲚的形态特征与聚类分析

Morphological Characteristics and Cluster Analysis of Coilia nasus Populations from Six Different Waters

投稿时间：2021-10-20 修订日期：2022-11-18

DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202110200363

英文关键词:Coilia nasus morphology truss network multivariation analysis

基金项目:国家重点研发计划重点专项（2019YFD0901205, 2020YFD0900805）；农业农村部农业资源环境情况调查（17210163）；江苏省“双创计划”团队项目

作者	单位
李宇	江苏海洋大学海洋科学与水产学院，江苏省海洋生物技术重点实验室，江苏连云港 222005；水产科学研究院东海水产研究所，上海长江口渔业资源增殖和生态修复工程技术研究中心，上海 200090；
冯广朋	江苏海洋大学海洋科学与水产学院，江苏省海洋生物技术重点实验室，江苏连云港 222005；2.水产科学研究院东海水产研究所，上海长江口渔业资源增殖和生态修复工程技术研究中心，上海 200090；
张涛	水产科学研究院东海水产研究所，上海长江口渔业资源增殖和生态修复工程技术研究中心，上海 200090；
庄平	水产科学研究院东海水产研究所，上海长江口渔业资源增殖和生态修复工程技术研究中心，上海 200090；
宋超	水产科学研究院东海水产研究所，上海长江口渔业资源增殖和生态修复工程技术研究中心，上海 200090；
王海华	江西省水产科学研究所，农业农村部湖泊渔业资源环境科学观测实验站，南昌市特种水产繁育与健康养殖重点实验室，江西南昌 330039
张燕萍	江西省水产科学研究所，农业农村部湖泊渔业资源环境科学观测实验站，南昌市特种水产繁育与健康养殖重点实验室，江西南昌 330039
陈建华	江西省水产科学研究所，农业农村部湖泊渔业资源环境科学观测实验站，南昌市特种水产繁育与健康养殖重点实验室，江西南昌 330039

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中文摘要:

为研究不同水域刀鲚(Coilia nasus)的形态特征和分布特点，运用多元统计方法对嵊泗群体(嵊泗海域)、长江流域群体(长江口、长江泰州段与鄱阳湖)和湖泊群体(洪泽湖与巢湖)刀鲚的24个形态性状指标进行形态差异性分析。单因素方差分析结果显示，各群体之间除尾柄高外其余指标均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。聚类分析表明，长江流域群体与嵊泗群体形态最为接近，可相聚成一个类群，洪泽湖群体和巢湖群体分别形成两个类群，差异系数检验显示，这3个类群之间形态多样性差异尚未达到亚种水平，仍属于同一种群。主成分分析提取了6个特征值大于1的形态指标，累积贡献率为75.78%，各水域刀鲚形态差异表现在头胸部、腹部与尾部性状上。判别分析中，综合判别率为87.9%。研究结果表明，嵊泗群体和长江流域群体形态最为接近，说明嵊泗群体最有可能洄游进入长江；而湖泊群体与嵊泗群体、长江流域群体形态有显著差异，说明湖泊群体的刀鲚最有可能为淡水定居型长颌鲚。

英文摘要:

Coilia nasus, belonging to Coilia, Engraulidae, Clupeiformes, is a migratory fish species with high economic value. In this study, C. nasus was selected for investigation, and the morphological differences, distribution and the relationships of six C. nasus populations from different waters: (1) the Shengsi population in the Shengsi Sea, Yangtze River populations in the (2) Yangtze River Estuary, the (3) Taizhou section of Yangtze River and (4) Poyang Lake, lake populations from (5) Hongze Lake and (6) Chaohu Lake. Traditional morphological analysis and multivariate statistical methods were used to characterize the populations. The aim of the study was to provide scientific evidence for resource assessment and conservation, and to support the artificial breeding of C. nasus. A total of 182 C. nasus specimens from the 6 water areas were collected in April, May, and July of 2021 and 24 morphological traits of C. nasus were selected to analyze morphological differences. One-way analysis of variance shows that all the morphological indices were significantly different among the six populations except the height of caudal stalk (P<0.05). Cluster analysis shows that the morphology of the three Yangtze River populations and the Shengsi population clustered into one group, and the C. nasus population in Hongze Lake formed a group and C. nasus population in Chaohu Lake formed another group. The coefficient difference test shows that the differences in morphological diversity among the three groups did not reach a level indicating separate subspecies. Principal component analysis extracted six morphological indicators with eigenvalues over 1, and their cumulative contribution rate was 75.78%. The morphological differences of C. nasus from different waters was manifested in the head, chest, abdomen, and tail. Discriminant analysis shows that the comprehensive discriminant rate was 87.9%. To summarize, the Shengsi C. nasus group was closest to the Yangtze River basin groups, indicating that the Shengsi population likely migrates into the Yangtze River. The morphology of C. nasus lake populations were significantly different from that of Shengsi and Yangtze River populations, indicating that the C. nasus lake populations are likely to have settled in freshwater.

李宇,冯广朋,张涛,庄平,宋超,王海华,张燕萍,陈建华.2022.6个不同水域刀鲚的形态特征与聚类分析[J].水生态学杂志,43(6):116-123.

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