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江汉平原水生态功能分区及其在钉螺防控中的应用

Aquatic Ecological Function Zoning and Its Application for Oncomelania hupensis Control on the Jianghan Plain

投稿时间：2021-10-13 修订日期：2021-11-14

DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202110130350

英文关键词:aquatic ecosystem ecological function zoning oncomelania snail control Jianghan Plain

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(81803297，41571487)

作者	单位
韩东枫	中国科学院大学, 北京 100049；中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院,环境与灾害监测评估湖北省重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430071；山东省气象防灾减灾重点实验室，山东济南 250031；山东省气候中心，山东济南 250031；
邱娟	中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院,环境与灾害监测评估湖北省重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430071；
张道熙	水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430079；
赵娜	水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430079；
肖瑛	湖北省疾病预防控制中心, 湖北武汉 430079
朱红	湖北省疾病预防控制中心, 湖北武汉 430079
邵奇慧	中国科学院大学, 北京 100049；中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院,环境与灾害监测评估湖北省重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430071；
韩逸飞	中国科学院大学, 北京 100049；中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院,环境与灾害监测评估湖北省重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430071；
李仁东	2.中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院,环境与灾害监测评估湖北省重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430071；

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中文摘要:

对血吸虫唯一中间宿主钉螺的监控是阻断该疫病流行的关键，目前已有的相关防控研究通常是基于行政区或像素尺度，且仅依靠专家经验或部分地理环境要素来分配钉螺防控资源，这可能导致防控区域与防控需要的错估。通过对江汉平原进行水生态功能区划，并将分区结果应用于钉螺监测与控制，有助于防控措施的精细化。水生态功能一级分区采用“自上而下”的演绎分区方法，二级分区采用“自下而上”的聚类分区方法，一级分区以流域为基础单元进行，二级分区基于高程、植被、河渠、土壤及土地利用等水生态功能指标，通过聚类法合并子流域得到分区单元，并统计各水生态功能区螺情，分析螺情与水生态功能指标的相关性。结果显示，江汉平原水生态功能区可划分为2个一级区，包括汉江流域水生态区（Ⅰ）和长江流域水生态区（Ⅱ）。二级区9个，二阶聚类凝聚和分离的轮廓测量值为0.4和0.3，表明聚类效果较好；二级分区按钉螺分布及流域地理环境要素特点可分为3类，分别为长江过境类（Ⅰ-3、Ⅱ-2、Ⅱ-5、Ⅱ-6）、丘陵主导类（Ⅰ-1、Ⅱ-1、Ⅱ-3）及河渠主导类（Ⅰ-2、Ⅱ-4）。将水生态功能分区方法应用于钉螺防控，可为血吸虫精准防治提供新思路与技术支持。

英文摘要:

Monitoring and controlling oncomelania snails is the key to confining the schistosomiasis epidemic. Previous studies on oncomelania snail control and prevention were typically based on the administrative region or pixel scale, and the allocation of snail control resources depended on expert experience or a single geographical environment factor, which can lead to misestimates of the oncomelania snail control area and the need for prevention. In the project described here, aquatic ecological function zoning was conducted in the Jianghan Plain, and oncomelania snail monitoring and control were then discussed, based on distribution of the oncomelania snails in the different ecological zones. First-level aquatic ecological function zoning used the watershed as the basic unit with top-down interpretation. Second-level zoning was based on ecological function indices including elevation, vegetation, river channels, soil, and land use, with bottom-up clustering. There were two primary first-level zones, including Hanjiang River basin (Ⅰ) and Yangtze River basin (Ⅱ). There were 9 (Ⅰ-1-3, Ⅱ-1-6) second-level partitions, and the Sihouette measures of cohesion and separation values were 0.4 and 0.3, indicating good clustering. According to the distribution of oncomelania snails and the geographical environment characteristics of the second-level ecological function zones, the 9 ecological function zones were divided into three types: Yangtze River transit (Ⅰ-3, Ⅱ-2, Ⅱ-5, Ⅱ-6), hill dominant (Ⅰ-1, Ⅱ-1, Ⅱ-3) and river channel dominant (Ⅰ-2, Ⅱ-4). Finally, control strategies for oncomelania snails in the different zones were recommended based on precise zoning of ecological functions. This is the first time that aquatic ecological function zoning has been used to prevent and control Oncomelania hupensis and it will provide new ideas and support for more effective oncomelania snail control.

韩东枫,邱娟,张道熙,赵娜,肖瑛,朱红,邵奇慧,韩逸飞,李仁东.2023.江汉平原水生态功能分区及其在钉螺防控中的应用[J].水生态学杂志,44(3):1-8.

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