| 水淹胁迫对消落带竹柳(Salix hybrid)幼苗的形态结构和生理生化特征的影响 |
| Effects of Flooding on the Morphology and Physiology of Salix Hybrid |
| 投稿时间：2021-09-16 修订日期：2022-11-18 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202109160326 |
| 中文关键词:竹柳 水淹胁迫 生理响应 消落带 三峡库区 |
| 英文关键词:Salix hybrid flooding stress physiological response water-level-fluctuation zone Three Gorges Reservoir area |
| 基金项目:重庆科委面上项目(cstc2019jcyj-msxm1218)，重庆教委项目（KJQN202101244） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 研究水淹胁迫对竹柳的形态、生理指标及解剖结构的影响，为竹柳作为三峡库区消落带植被提供参考。选择长势一致、茎粗0.6 cm左右、最长萌发枝条在16 cm左右的幼苗盆栽，设置半淹组、全淹组和对照组，测定其生长指标、生理指标，并做根系切片观察解剖结构。结果表明，水淹210d后，半淹组和对照组全部存活，全淹组存活率为78.5%；半淹组苗高显著高于另外2个组，茎上有很多凸起而肥大的皮孔，在茎基部形成了大量的不定根，根系数显著高于对照组，叶片呈狭长的线状，叶长宽比显著增加；全淹组苗高、根系数均显著减少，叶片变小卷曲，增厚变脆微透明，颜色发红，由披针形变成椭圆形，叶长宽比显著降低；叶绿素含量半淹组与对照组相比呈上升趋势，全淹组呈下降趋势，2种水淹组叶绿素a/b的值都显著上升；半淹组叶和根中可溶性糖、叶中可溶性蛋白含量、根和叶中脯氨酸含量与对照组均无显著差异，只有根系中的可溶性蛋白显著低于对照组，全淹组可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量不管是叶还是根中都显著降低，而脯氨酸含量显著上升；半淹组根系表皮层稍不完整，部分瓦解，皮层细胞间隙扩大，通气组织形成，全淹组根系组织细胞受到明显损害，周皮及皮层细胞大部分解离，木质部细胞排列相对松散、细胞变大，髓射线不明显。半淹条件在一定程度上促进了竹柳地径的生长，而全淹条件下对其有显著的抑制作用。在消落带配置竹柳，栽植高程以植株高度为依据，以不没顶淹水为宜。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, we explored the effect of flooding on morphological and physiological indicators, and the anatomical structure of Salix hybrid through a 210-day flooding stress simulation experiment. The aim was to provide basic data and a reference for vegetation selection and restoration in the water-level-fluctuation zone of Three Gorges Reservoir. On November 17，2019, Salix hybrid cuttings with stem diameter of 0.6 cm and longest sprouting branch of 16 cm were selected for pot culture, and the water flooding experiment was carried out in a large bucket with a height of 80 cm. Three treatments were set, including a semi-submerged group (SsG, water submerged plant rhizome, below the first leaf), a total submerged group (SG, water submerged the top leaf of the plant) and a control group (CK. The treatments lasted 210 days and on June 16，2020, growth and physiological indices of the plants in each group were measured and root sections were obtained to observe anatomical structures. The survival rates for the semi-submerged group and control group were 100%, while the survival rate of the submerged group was 78.5%. After flooding for 210 days, the stem height of SsG was significantly higher than that of the other two groups, and there were many raised and hypertrophic lenticels on the stem, and many adventitious roots had formed at the base of the stems. The root coefficient of SsG was significantly higher than that of CK. Salix hybrid leaves were narrow, and the length-to-width ratio of the leaves was significantly higher in SsG. The stem height and root coefficient of SG were significantly lower and the leaves were curly, smaller, thickened, brittle, slightly transparent, the color was red and the shape was from lanceolate to oval. The length-to-width ratio of the leaves was significantly lower in SG. Compared with CK, the chlorophyll content of SsG increased after flooding, while the chlorophyll content of SG decreased. The chlorophyll a/b values of the two flooding treatments both increased significantly. The soluble sugar in leaves and roots, soluble protein content in leaves, and proline content in roots and leaves of SsG were not significantly different from those in CK. Only the soluble protein in roots was significantly lower than that in CK. The content of soluble protein and soluble sugar in both leaves and roots of SG were significantly lower, but the proline content was significantly higher. The root epidermis of SsG was slightly incomplete and partially disintegrated, the intercellular space of the cortex expanded, and aerated tissues formed. The root tissue cells of SG were significantly damaged, and most of the pericytes and cortical cells dissociated, and the xylem cells were relatively loose, the cells became larger, and the marrow rays were not obvious. The results of the study show that semi-submerged condition promoted the growth of plant to some extent, while the fully submerged condition had a significant inhibitory effect on the root system and plant height. We recommend that if Salix hybrids are planted in the water-level-fluctuation zone, the planting altitude should be based on plant height, such that the top of the plant is not submerged. |
| 甘丽萍,王晓念,曹煦悦,杨玲.2022.水淹胁迫对消落带竹柳(Salix hybrid)幼苗的形态结构和生理生化特征的影响[J].水生态学杂志,43(6):102-107. |
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