| 不同鱼类和采样时间的养殖池塘环境微生物群落研究 |
| Environmental Microbial Community of Different Fish Aquaculture Ponds at Different Sampling Times |
| 投稿时间：2021-09-15 修订日期：2023-05-23 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.:202108030266 |
| 中文关键词:尼罗罗非鱼 斑点叉尾鮰 养殖池塘 微生物群落 |
| 英文关键词:Oreochromis niloticus Ictalurus punctatus aquaculture pond microbial community |
| 基金项目:财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系（No. CARS-46）；广东省基础与应用基础研究基金（2019A1515111046）；中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（2021ZX04） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 微生物群落是养殖池塘生态系统重要的组成部分，了解环境微生物群落结构和功能，可有针对性地进行养殖环境微生态调控。在不同季节采集尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）和斑点叉尾鮰（Ictalurus punctatus）池塘水样，分析硝酸盐氮(NO3-N)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO2-N)、氨氮(NH4-N)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)等理化指标，利用Biolog-Eco微平板技术分析水体中微生物对各类碳源代谢的平均颜色变化率，利用高通量测序技术分析其菌群结构。结果表明，1月淡水养殖池塘水质和菌群结构不同于其他采样时间，养殖鱼类种类对池塘理化指标和微生物菌群结构影响不大。不同采样时间的池塘理化指标差异显著，同一采样时间不同养殖鱼类池塘的理化指标之间无显著差异。其中，1月尼罗罗非鱼池塘中的NH4-N含量高于其他月份，且显著高于4月和7月（P<0.05）；1月TP含量显著高于4月、7月 和 10月（P<0.05）。1月斑点叉尾鮰池塘的TP和NO3-N含量显著高于其他3个月份（P<0.05）。Biolog-Eco微平板技术检测到尼罗罗非鱼和斑点叉尾鮰池塘中的微生物群落对碳水化合物和氨基酸的利用能力较强，对酚胺类化合物的利用能力较弱，4月斑点叉尾鮰池塘微生物对碳源的利用率高于尼罗罗非鱼池塘。高通量测序发现，厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）是尼罗罗非鱼和斑点叉尾鮰池塘的绝对优势菌门。hgcI clade、CL500-29 marine group和C39等参与氮磷循环的菌属为池塘水体中的主要菌属。研究结果为了解淡水养殖环境中微生物群落结构与变化规律、更有针对性地构建养殖池塘尾水生态化处理方法提供科学依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The microbial community is crucial for maintaining aquaculture pond ecosystems. In this study, water samples from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) aquaculture ponds were collected in different seasons to characterize the variation in microbial community structure and water physicochemical parameters, aiming to understand how the environmental microbial community functions in different types of aquaculture ponds. In January, April, July and October 2019, water samples were collected in four aquaculture ponds of each fish species for the analysis of microbial community and the determination of physicochemical parameters, including total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and total phosphorus. The microbial community structure in water was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology and average well color development (AWCD) of the aquatic microorganisms, using various carbon sources, was analyzed by Biolog ECO-plate technology. Results show that water quality and microbial community structure of the aquaculture ponds in January were different from those in other investigation time, and the fish species had little effect on the water quality and microbial community structure of pond water. There were significant differences in the physicochemical parameters in aquaculture ponds among sampling times, but there were no significant differences in the physicochemical parameters of Nile tilapia and channel fish ponds at the same sampling time. Among them, the content of NH4-N in Nile tilapia aquaculture ponds in January was higher than in other months, significantly higher than that in April and July (P<0.05), and the content of TP in January was significantly higher than that in April, July and October (P<0.05). The contents of NO3-N and TP in channel catfish aquaculture ponds in January were significantly higher than those in other months (P<0.05). Biolog-ECO plate detected that microorganisms in Nile tilapia and channel fish aquaculture ponds had high utilization rate of carbohydrates and amino acids and low utilization rate of phenolic amines. In April, the utilization rate of carbon sources by microorganisms in channel catfish ponds was higher than that in Nile tilapia ponds. High throughput sequencing shows that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in both Nile tilapia and channel catfish ponds. Actinobacteria (hgcl clade), the CL500-29 marine group and C39 were the primary genera involved in nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in the freshwater ponds. Our study helps to understand microbial community structure and variation in the aquaculture environment and provides scientific evidence for developing targeted measures for ecological treatment of wastewater in aquaculture. |
| 王 淼,黄秋标,李庆勇,朱德兴,王瑞宁,衣萌萌,卢迈新.2023.不同鱼类和采样时间的养殖池塘环境微生物群落研究[J].水生态学杂志,44(3):120-128. |
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