| 基于鱼类资源调查的增殖放流方案前期研究-以扎敦水利枢纽为例 |
| Design of Fish Breeding and Release Schemes Based on Fish Resource Surveys: Case Study of Zhadun Water Control Project |
| 投稿时间：2021-08-20 修订日期：2021-11-16 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202108200286 |
| 中文关键词:鱼类资源调查 增殖放流 放流种类和数量 扎敦河 |
| 英文关键词:fish resource investigation fish breeding and release released fish species and quantity Zhadun River |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年基金(31800391) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 进行扎敦枢纽鱼类增殖放流方案设计，为科学开展水利水电工程鱼类增殖放流提供理论依据和技术支撑。2019年10月和2020年4―5月，对呼伦贝尔市扎敦河鱼类资源开展2次系统调查，在此基础上综合分析确定增殖放流的种类，并对放流规模、时间、地点、周期及时序等放流方案进行规、划设计。结果表明，扎敦河共分布有16种鱼类，隶属于2纲5目8科15属。其中，珍稀保护鱼类4种，占总种数的25%。现场调查共采集到鱼类13种，共计2 899尾，重37 188.9 g。参考生物完整性指数(IBI)，通过对保护地位、经济价值、洄游习性、种群资源量、受工程影响程度及人工繁育技术是否突破等6方面综合分析，将细鳞鲑Brachymystax lenok、哲罗鲑Hucho taimen、黑龙江茴鱼Thymallus grubii、瓦氏雅罗鱼Leuciscus waleckii、黑斑狗鱼Esox reichertii、江鳕Lota lota等6种珍稀保护、重要经济鱼类作为本工程近期放流对象。将东北七鳃鳗Lampetra morii作为远期放流对象，近期主要开展人工驯养、繁育技术和栖息地保护研究。基于类比分析，推荐放流数量为16万尾/年。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Fish breeding and release is an important method for alleviating the negative effects of hydropower development, playing vital roles for restoring fishery resources, conserving rare and endangered species, and maintaining fish biodiversity. We conducted two systematic investigations of fishery resources in Zhadun River in October 2019 and April-May 2020. Then, based on the results, a fish breeding and release scheme was designed for the Zhadun water control project, focusing on the fish species to be released, quantity, time, location and schedule for fish release. There are 16 fish species known to inhabit Zhadun River, belonging to 15 genera, 8 families, 5 orders and 2 classes. Among the species, four are rare, accounting for 25% of the total number. During the two investigations，a total of 2 899 individuals from 13 species were collected, weighing 37 188.9 g. Based on the fish index of biological integrity (F-IBI), we conducted a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of species collected in the river section affected by the Zhadun water control project. The F-IBI included conservation status, economic value, migratory habits, status of fish resources, degree of engineering influence, and whether artificial breeding technology had broken through. Six species were selected as short term release targets, including Brachymystax lenok (Pallas 1773), Hucho taimen (Pallas 1773), Thymallus grubii (Dybowski 1869), Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869), Esox reichertii (Dybowski 1869), and Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758). Lampetra morii (Berg 1931) was selected as the long term release target, and near term work should focus on artificial domestication and breeding technology of the target species and habitat conservation. Based on analogy analysis, we recommend releasing 160 000 fish per year to maintain the sustainable development of fish resources in Zhadun River, with the following species composition: B. lenok and T. grubii, 40 000 of each species; L. waleckii, E. reichertii and L. lota, 20 000 of each species; H. taimen and L. morii, 10 000 of each species. In addition, fish size, location and the schedule of fish release time and quantity were included in the design. In summary, this study provides an objective and quantitative method for determining the target species for fish breeding and release for the Zhadun hydro-junction project, and a detailed description of the steps in designing the fish breeding and release scheme. It provides theoretical and technical support for implementing fish breeding and release in water conservancy and hydropower projects, and will enhance the ecological benefit of fish breeding and release projects. |
| 张志明,杨 洋,丁慧萍,常秀岭,梁银铨,翟占英,陈 锋.2023.基于鱼类资源调查的增殖放流方案前期研究-以扎敦水利枢纽为例[J].水生态学杂志,44(1):41-48. |
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