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海州湾海洋牧场重金属的空间分布及来源分析

Spatial Distribution and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in the Haizhou Bay Marine Ranch

投稿时间：2021-08-17 修订日期：2023-09-20

DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202108170282

英文关键词:marine ranch ecological risk heavy metals pollutant sources Haizhou Bay

基金项目:江苏省自然科学基金面上项目（BK20171262）；江苏省海洋科学与技术优势学科建设工程项目（5511202001X）；江苏海洋大学2020年大学生创新创业训练项目（SY202011641107004）

作者	单位
封苏兰	江苏海洋大学海洋技术与测绘学院，江苏连云港 222005；中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所，农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室，山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室，山东青岛 266071；
李玉	江苏海洋大学海洋技术与测绘学院，江苏连云港 222005；
朱琳	中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所，农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室，山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室，山东青岛 266071；
谢艺萱	江苏海洋大学海洋技术与测绘学院，江苏连云港 222005；中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所，农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室，山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室，山东青岛 266071；
洪晨飞	江苏海洋大学海洋技术与测绘学院，江苏连云港 222005；中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所，农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室，山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室，山东青岛 266071；
卢霞	苏州科技大学地理科学与测绘学院，江苏苏州 215009
李向阳	江苏海洋大学海洋技术与测绘学院，江苏连云港 222005；2.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所，农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室，山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室，山东青岛 266071；
王雪	江苏海洋大学海洋技术与测绘学院，江苏连云港 222005；

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中文摘要:

为了解海州湾海洋牧场的环境状况，通过采集20个站位的表层水体和沉积物样品，对海水和沉积物中的8种重金属元素（Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As、Hg）进行测定，采用物种敏感性分布法、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评估海州湾的重金属污染状况及生态风险程度，并结合PCA/APCS模型对沉积物重金属的可能来源进行定量分析，可在为海洋污染防控和海水养殖绿色高质量发展提供科学依据。结果表明：(1)物种敏感度分布法评估认为海水中的As具有高生态风险，Cd、Cu和Zn处于中度生态风险；(2)综合生态风险指数发现海州湾海洋牧场沉积物中重金属处于中度生态风险状态，主要受到Cd与Hg的影响；(3)由受体模型定量分析可知，海洋牧场重金属污染的潜在来源主要包括养殖中产生的污染、陆源排污及2009年以前的临河口排污，其中养殖中产生的污染对Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb和Cr的贡献率大于50%，陆源排污对As和Cd的贡献率分别为40.33%和82.85%，而Hg主要受2009年以前临河口排污的影响。

英文摘要:

In this study, we explored the spatial distribution of eight heavy metals in the surface water and sediment of Haizhou Bay Marine Ranch. The heavy metal pollution and ecological risk were then evaluated using species sensitivity distribution, the geoaccumulation index and the potential ecological risk index. Sources of heavy metals to the surface water and sediment were identified using PCA/APCS. The objectives were to better understand environmental conditions in the Haizhou Bay Marine Ranch and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of marine pollution and sustainable development of marine aquaculture. In December 2019, surface water and sediment samples were collected at 20 stations for determination of eight heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Hg). Results show that: (1) The average concentrations of Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, As and Hg in the surface water samples were 0.91, 0.06, 0.10, 5.85, 1.82 and 0.04 μg/L, respectively, and Ni and Pb were not detected. The average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, As and Hg in the sediment samples were 22.43, 23.78, 0.13, 65.86, 27.99, 60.18, 9.25 and 0.04 mg/kg, respectively. The heavy metal concentrations in both water and sediment samples all met the first degree Sea Water Quality Standard?and Marine Sediment Quality?Standard. The potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the surface sea water was evaluated by the species sensitivity distribution method and results show that As poses a high ecological risk, Cu, Cd and Zn pose a medium ecological risk, and Cr and Hg pose a low ecological risk. (2) The comprehensive ecological risk index shows that heavy metals pose a medium ecological risk in the sediments, contributed primarily by Cd and Hg. (3) According to quantitative analysis using the PCA/APCS model, potential sources of heavy metal pollution were breeding pollution, land-based pollution and river discharges before 2009. Among the sources, breeding contributed more than 50% of the Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb and Cr. The contribution of land source pollution to As and Cd was 40.33% and 82.85%, respectively, and the content of Hg was primarily from river discharges.

封苏兰,李玉,朱琳,谢艺萱,洪晨飞,卢霞,李向阳,王雪.2023.海州湾海洋牧场重金属的空间分布及来源分析[J].水生态学杂志,44(5):114-122.

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