| 环境盐度对红耳龟卵孵化及稚龟形态表型和行为的影响 |
| Effects of Salinity on Hatching Rate, Morphological Phenotype and Fitness of Juvenile Trachemys scripta elegans |
| 投稿时间：2021-07-27 修订日期：2023-03-22 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202107270260 |
| 中文关键词:红耳龟 盐度 孵化 形态表型 行为特征 |
| 英文关键词:Trachemys scripta salinity hatching morphological phenotypes fitness characteristics |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31960226, 32271577） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 鉴于淡水龟类是生态系统的重要组成部分，为了探究全球气候变化背景下淡水和沿岸土壤盐化对龟类生存造成的威胁和挑战，了解盐度变化对龟类早期生活史的影响，以红耳龟（Trachemys scripta elegans）为研究对象，设置淡水对照组（CK）、0.5盐度组（S0.5）、2.5盐度组（S2.5）和5盐度组（S5），分析盐度变化对其受精卵孵化、稚龟表型及行为特征的影响。结果显示，随着基质中盐度的升高，CK、S0.5、S2.5、S5组红耳龟稚龟孵化率（80.00%、83.33%、60.00%、43.33%）基本呈下降趋势，孵化时间（51、52、54、53 d）略有增加，稚龟在30 d时的存活率(95.83%、95.83%、94.44%、81.80%)逐渐下降，并导致孵出个体的畸形率增加，且以龟甲畸形占比最高(S5组为100%)。高盐度（S5）基质中孵出的稚龟，其体重极显著低于对照组（P<0.01），背、腹甲的长度和宽度也显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。稚龟的运动速度及耐力受到显著抑制，翻身速度变慢，摄食能力显著降低（P<0.05）。研究表明，红耳龟作为一种耐受性较强的淡水龟代表，上升的环境盐度可直接影响其受精卵的孵化率、初生幼体的存活率及适合度，对红耳龟卵孵化和稚龟行为具有显著的负面效应。由此推断淡水咸化对其他淡水龟类的影响更为严重。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Freshwater turtles are an important part of freshwater ecosystems. Global climate change, salinization of freshwater and coastal soil will pose a serious threat and challenge the survival of turtles. However, little is known about the effects of salinity on the early life stage of freshwater turtles. In this research, we studied red-eared turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans), and explored the effects of salinity on hatching rate, morphological phenotype, and fitness of juvenile T. s. elegans, aiming to reveal the effect of freshwater salinization on the reproduction and behavior of juvenile turtles around the world. Three salinity concentration groups (S0.5, S2.5, S5) and a control group (freshwater group, CK) were set in this study, with each trial in triplicate. For the treatments, CK, S0.5, S2.5, S5, the respective hatching rates were 80.00%, 83.33%, 60.00% and 43.33%, and the respective hatching time was 51, 52, 54 and 53 d. As salinity increased, the hatching rate tended to decrease while the hatching time increased. The survival rates of Trachemys scripta elegans decreased gradually and, on day 30, the survival rates for treatments CK, S0.5, S2.5 and S5 were, respectively, 95.83%, 95.83%, 94.44% and 81.80%. The deformity rate of juvenile turtles increased with salinity and, among malformed individuals, carapace deformities accounted for the highest proportion (100% in the S5 treatment group). In addition, the body weight of turtles in group S5 was significantly lower than that in group CK (P<0.01), as were the length and width of carapace and plastron (P<0.05). Further, the sprint speed and maximum duration distance of the turtles on day 30 in group S5 were significantly lower than in group CK. The time to turning over increased, and feeding significantly decreased in the high salinity S5 group. Although the red-eared turtle is a highly tolerant freshwater species, the hatching rate, fitness and survival rate all decreased significantly under saline conditions, and it can be inferred that the effects of freshwater salinization will be more serious on less tolerant freshwater turtles. |
| 孔雨晨,梁方槟,王晓丹,黄 鹏,张苗苗,洪美玲,史海涛,丁 利.2023.环境盐度对红耳龟卵孵化及稚龟形态表型和行为的影响[J].水生态学杂志,44(2):128-135. |
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