| 人工诱导稀有鮈鲫雄核发育条件研究 |
| Conditions for Artificial Induction of Androgenesis in Gobicypris rarus |
| 投稿时间：2021-07-05 修订日期：2023-02-02 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202107050232 |
| 中文关键词:稀有鮈鲫 人工授精 雄核发育 紫外线 热休克 |
| 英文关键词:Gobicypris rarus artificial fertilization androgenesis ultraviolet (UV) heat shock |
| 基金项目:山西农业大学生物育种工程项目（YZGC133）；山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金（2022HX024）；山西省基础研究计划（自由探索类）项目（20210302124149）；山西省大学生创新创业训练计划项目（2020106） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探究单性群体选育途径，定向生产具备特定生长和繁殖性状的苗种，满足繁殖育种需要，进行濒危鱼类保护，以稀有鮈鲫（Gobicypris rarus）为试验对象，采用紫外线-热休克雄核发育技术诱导二倍体的方法，人工诱导稀有鮈鲫超雄个体产生。试验设置14组，1号为空白对照组，2~8号紫外线总辐射剂量分别为60、90、120、150、180、210、230 mJ/cm2，9～14号紫外线-热休克组的总辐射剂量分别为60、90、120、150、180、210 mJ/cm2。处理水温均为(38.5±0.5)℃，热休克2 min。结果表明：(1) 在紫外线总辐射剂量60~230 mJ/cm2时，随着照射剂量的不断增加，紫外线辐照组、紫外线-热休克组的受精率﹑孵化率均有下降趋势；(2)紫外线和热休克处理对受精卵造成一定的损伤，成活率大幅度降低的时间点主要集中在囊胚晚期、肌肉效应期以及出膜前期，少数胚胎由于活力差，存在难以正常脱膜孵化现象；(3)经紫外线或紫外线-热休克处理的受精卵，发育速度稍慢于正常受精卵，且均存在畸形发育卵。通过紫外线-热休克雄核发育技术获得的稀有鮈鲫畸形个体较少，可能为超雄正常形态的个体则更少。研究显示，紫外线和热休克相结合处理鱼类染色体的技术，有望成为人工诱导稀有鮈鲫雄核发育的有效方法。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this investigation, Gobicypris rarus was selected for study and we conducted experiments on the production of super-males by artificially inducing androgenesis of G. rarus using ultraviolet (UV)-heat shock androgenesis technique. The study will help to explore breeding among single-sex groups, direct seedling production with specific growth and reproduction traits, meet the need for reproduction and breeding, and conserve endangered fish species. A total of 14 groups were set with group 1 as the control, groups 2-8 were UV radiation groups receiving total UV radiation doses of 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 230 mJ/cm2, respectively, at a water temperature of (38.5±0.5)℃, and groups 9-14 were UV-heat shock groups receiving the same respective total UV radiation doses (except for 230 mJ/cm2) plus heat shock treatment at a water temperature (38.5±0.5)℃ for 2 min. Results show that: (1) At total UV radiation doses from 60 to 230 mJ/cm2, the fertilization rate and hatching rate of G. rarus in both the UV groups and the UV-heat shock groups both decreased with increasing UV radiation dose. (2) UV and heat shock treatment damaged the zygote to some extent, and the embryonic development stages with low survival rates were primarily in the late blastocyst stage, muscular contraction stage and stage before larvae release from the membrane. A few embryos did not hatch normally due to poor embryo condition. (3) The development rate of fertilized eggs treated with UV or UV-heat shock was slightly slower than that of the control group, and some eggs were deformed. Some G. rarus individuals were deformed by the UV-heat shock androgenesis, leaving fewer normal individuals that could be super-male. However, our results indicate that the combination of UV and heat shock treatment of fish chromosomes can be an effective method for artificially inducing androgenesis of G. rarus. |
| 王大贺,刘永嘉,李 伟,刘少贞,刘 青.2023.人工诱导稀有鮈鲫雄核发育条件研究[J].水生态学杂志,44(1):117-124. |
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