| 乌梁素海冰封期污染物分布及迁移特征研究 |
| Distribution and Exchange of Pollutants During the Icebound Season of Ulansuhai Lake |
| 投稿时间：2020-12-28 修订日期：2021-12-04 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202012280362 |
| 中文关键词:冰封期 污染物 分布 迁移 乌梁素海 |
| 英文关键词:icebound period pollutant distribution migration Ulansuhai Lake |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(41701281，42067037)；内蒙古“一 湖两海”科技重大专项(ZDZX2018054)。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 分析冰封期冰-水介质、各冰层间污染物质的分布迁移规律，揭示污染物质的水平空间分布，为后续乌梁素海冰封期水质评价、湖泊营养物质分布规律、湖泊富营养化治理等研究提供理论依据。2019年1月在乌梁素海12个采样点使用冰柱采集器和“注射器”式采水器采集冰样和水样，测定表层冰、冰-水界面冰和水样中总氮（TN）、氨氮（NH3-N）、总磷（TP）、总有机碳（TOC）、盐分（Na+、Cl－）等污染物浓度，采用冰-水分配系数分析污染物在冰水体系中的迁移特征。结果表明，水体TN、NH3-N、TOC、Na+及Cl－浓度分别是冰体的2.03、5.09、3.76、202.87和182.23倍，冰体TP浓度是水体的1.94倍；冰体内部，TN浓度冰-水界面冰是表层冰的1.48倍，其他污染物浓度表层冰是冰-水界面冰的1~1.59倍；TN、NH3-N、TP、TOC、Na+及Cl－冰-水分配系数分别为0.63、0.40、3.25、0.34、0.01和0.01。随着结冰过程，TN、NH3-N、TOC由冰体向冰下水体不断迁移，而TP是冰体浓度高于冰下水体，Na+和Cl－由于冰晶的析出使绝大部分溶质在冰下水体中浓缩。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Ulansuhai Lake receives most of the farmland drainage in the Hetao Irrigation Area, as well as domestic sewage and industrial wastewater from the villages and towns around the lake. As a result, annual loading of nitrogen and phosphorus to the lake is high. The distribution of pollutants and the exchange of pollutants at the ice-water interface and in the different ice layers of Ulansuhai Lake were investigated during the icebound period in this study. In January 2019, water and ice samples were collected at 12 sampling sites in Ulansuhai Lake (P1-P4 in the lake inlet; P5-P8 in the open area of the lake; P9-P12 in the lake outlet). The concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus (TP), total organic carbon (TOC), salt (Na+, Cl-) and other pollutants in the surface ice, the ice-water interface and water were determined. The migration characteristics of pollutants between water and ice were then analyzed using the distribution coefficients (Ci/Cw) of contaminant concentrations in the ice-water media. The concentrations of TN, NH3-N, TOC, Na+ and Cl－ in water were 2.03, 5.09, 3.76, 202.87 and 182.23 times higher than those in ice, while the TP concentration in ice was 1.94 times of that in water. The TN concentration in the ice at the ice-water interface was 1.48 times that in the surface ice while the concentration of other analytes in the surface ice was 1-1.5 times that in the ice-water interface. There were no significant difference among pollutant concentrations within the ice. Spatially, NH3-N and Na+ concentrations were high in the lake inlet, TN and TP were highest in the open area, and TOC was the primary pollutant in the lake outlet. The distribution coefficients for TN, NH3-N, TP, TOC, Na+ and Cl－ in the ice-water media were, respectively, 0.63, 0.40, 3.25, 0.34, 0.01 and 0.01. The freezing process tends to exclude pollutants from the developing ice crystal, except for TP. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for water quality assessment of lakes during the icebound period and support efforts to treat eutrophication and prevent pollution in Ulansuhai Lake and other lakes in cold and arid regions. |
| 卢兴顺,丁晓宇,赵子闻,李佳,武琳慧.2021.乌梁素海冰封期污染物分布及迁移特征研究[J].水生态学杂志,42(6):41-48. |
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