| 羊卓雍错细菌培养及其水体理化影响因子研究 |
| Culturable Bacteria and Relationship of the Bacterial Community with Environmental Factors in Yamzhog Yumco Lake, Tibet |
| 投稿时间：2020-10-18 修订日期：2022-05-19 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202010180299 |
| 中文关键词:高原湖泊 羊卓雍错 可培养细菌 多样性 理化因子 |
| 英文关键词:plateau lake Yamzhog Yumco Lake culturable bacteria bacterial diversity environmental factors |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31960024）；2019年中央支持地方高校改革发展基金（藏财预指[2019]01号）；西藏大学科研培育基金（ZDCZJH18-06） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 开展羊卓雍错水体可培养细菌多样性研究，探究影响水体细菌群落的主要理化因子，可为湖泊生态环境健康状况监测、湖泊微环境平衡人工调控以及极端环境下细菌资源的开发与利用提供提供理论依据。2019年夏季，按照地理位置不同，分别在羊卓雍错沿岸区、空母错沿岸区、沉错沿岸区、羊卓雍错湖心区选择10个样点进行水样采集。采用平板涂布法从羊卓雍错10个水体样品中分离细菌，结合16S rDNA区域序列分析和经典分类法对细菌菌株进行鉴定，运用R 3.6.1和SPSS 20.0软件分析细菌多样性及其与理化因子之间的关系。结果显示，从羊卓雍错水体中共分离得到322株细菌，分属于12属、15种，优势种为杀鲑气单胞菌（Aeromonas salmonicida）、土生拉乌尔菌（Raoultella terrigena）以及大肠埃希氏菌（Escherichia coli），分别占总菌株数的23.9%、22.4%和11.8%。细菌多样性指数表明，羊卓雍错沿岸区水体中分离的细菌属数和种数均最多，为12属、15种，空母错沿岸区水体最少，仅8属、9种；空母错沿岸区水体细菌总丰度最高，羊卓雍错湖心区最低，但4个区域总丰度无显著差异。Shannon-Wiener和Simpson多样性指数表明，两者具有相同的变化趋势，沉错沿岸区均最高，空母错沿岸区均最低；羊卓雍错湖心区的Pielou均匀度指数最高，羊卓雍错沿岸区最低。相关性分析表明，羊卓雍错水体可培养细菌总丰度与水体化学需氧量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)，与水体浊度、总氮呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。研究表明，羊卓雍错细菌资源比较丰富，水体可培养细菌多样性受理化因子与人为活动共同影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Yamzhog Yumco Lake is an important national ecological and environmental conservation area. In this study, we investigated the diversity of culturable bacteria in Yamzhog Yumco Lake and analyzed the influence of environmental factors on the culturable bacteria community. In the summer of 2019, water samples for analyzing bacterial community characteristics and water environmental factors were collected in Yamzhog Yumco Lake and the connected lakes of Kongmo Co Lake and Chen Co Lake. Ten sampling sites were set: Sites 1-4 in the coastal area of Yamzhog Yumco Lake; Sites 5-6 in the coastal area of Kongmo Co Lake; Sites 7-8 in the coastal area of Chen Co Lake; Sites 9-10 in the Yamzhog Yumco Lake center. Bacteria were isolated using the streak plate method and species identification was based on sequence analysis of the 16S domains of rDNA gene. R 3.6.1 and SPSS 20.0 were used to examine correlations between culturable bacteria diversity and environmental factors. The study provides theoretical evidence for ecological and environmental health monitoring of lakes and artificial regulation of lake microenvironment balance. A total of 322 bacterial strains were isolated, belonging to 15 species and 12 genera. Aeromonas salmonicida, Raoultella terrigena and Escherichia coli were the dominant species, accounting, respectively, for 23.9%, 22.4% and 11.8% of the total abundance. Analysis of bacterial diversity showed that species richness (15 species) and genera (12 genera) were highest in the Yamzhog Yumco Lake coastal area, and lowest (9 species, 8 genus) in the Kongmo Co Lake coastal area. Total abundance of bacteria was highest in the coastal area of Kongmo Co Lake and lowest in the center of Yamzhog Yumco Lake. There were no significant differences in total abundance among the four areas. Shannon-Wiener and Simpson diversity indices presented similar trends; highest in the coastal area of Chen Co Lake and the lowest in the coastal area of Kongmo Co Lake. Pielou evenness index was highest in the center of Yamzhog Yumco Lake and lowest in the coastal area of Yamzhog Yumco Lake. Pearson correlation analysis showed that chemical oxygen demand, turbidity and total nitrogen were the primary factors influencing culturable bacterial diversity. At all sites, there was an highly significant positive correlation between bacterial abundance and chemical oxygen demand (p<0.01), and a significant positive correlation with turbidity and total nitrogen (p<0.05). In general, the bacterial community in Yamzhog Yumco Lake was rich, and bacterial diversity was influenced by aquatic environmental factors and anthropogenic activities. |
| 王艳红,郝 兆,郭小芳,德 吉.2022.羊卓雍错细菌培养及其水体理化影响因子研究[J].水生态学杂志,43(3):86-95. |
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