| 1980-2018年扎龙湿地及乌裕尔河流域景观格局演变及其响应 |
| Landscape Pattern Change and Response Analysis in Zhalong Wetland and the Wuyuer River Basin, 1980-2018 |
| 投稿时间：2020-04-29 修订日期：2020-09-27 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2020.05.010 |
| 中文关键词:扎龙湿地 乌裕尔河流域 景观格局 转移矩阵 驱动力 径流变化 |
| 英文关键词:Zhalong wetland Wuyuer River basin landscape pattern land use conversion driving force runoff variation |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC0404503)；国家自然科学基金(51625904)；中国水科院基本科研业务费项目(WR0145B522017) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 研究扎龙湿地及其上游乌裕尔河流域的景观格局演变，为湿地生态系统的管理与保护提供参考。利用研究区内1980-2018年5期土地利用遥感数据，运用GIS空间分析和主成分分析法，分析了区域景观格局时空变化及其驱动力。结果表明：（1）耕地面积从1980年的8629.64km2增加至2018年的9527.90km2；水域面积、居工地面积和盐碱地面积分别增加45.74、57.93和18.46km2；林地面积、草地面积和沼泽地面积分别减少231.90、742.33和46.16km2。1980-2000年研究区域其他土地利用类型转移为耕地的面积1035.86km2，草地转移为其他土地利用类型的面积845.85km2，其他土地利用类型面积总体变化不大。（2）景观格局指数不稳定，沼泽湿地面积是扎龙湿地的优势景观类型，耕地是乌裕尔河流域的优势景观类型，除优势景观类型外各种景观类型破碎化严重，景观丰富度越来越低。（3）景观格局的变化是自然气候和社会经济发展共同作用的结果，社会经济变化中的人均GDP、第一产业值以及城镇人口数量是导致整个研究区域湿地景观格局变化的主要驱动力；年均径流量与扎龙湿地内部草地的变化正相关。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Zhalong wetland is an important wetland nature reserve in northeast China. In recent years, the landscape pattern of Zhalong wetland has changed significantly due to changes in the social economy and climate. In this study, we characterized the landscape pattern evolution of Zhalong wetland and the Wuyuer River Basin, based on land use data obtained by remote sensing from 1980 to 2018. The driving forces of spatial-temporal changes in landscape pattern were determined using principal component analysis, aiming to provide a reference for managing and protecting the Zhalong wetland ecosystem. The results included four primary findings: (1) The wetland area has dramatically declined over the past 40 years, primarily due to land use conversion to agriculture. Agricultural land use increased from 8629.89 km2 in 1980 to 9528.90 km2 in 2018, an increase of 10.42%. Increases in the areas of surface water, residential/construction, and saline/alkaline soils were, respectively, 45.74 km2, 57.93 km2 and 18.46 km2. While the respective decreases in forest, grassland and marsh areas were 231.90 km2, 742.33 km2 and 46.16 km2. During 1980-2000, the agricultural land converted from other land-use types was 1035.86km2, the grassland converting into other land-use types was 845.85km2, and the area of other land-use types hardly changed. The evolution of the wetland landscape pattern (forest, grassland and marsh) went through three phases: a stable phase (1980-1990), a phase of sharp decline from 4303.83 km2 to 3787.29 km2 (1990-2000) and a phase of slower decline (2000-2018). (2) The landscape index was unstable. The dominant landscape type in Zhalong wetland was marsh and the dominant landscape type of the Wuyuer River basin was agriculture. Fragmentation of other landscape types was serious, and landscape richness was low. (3) Changes in the landscape pattern were driven by climate change and economic development. Increased per capita GDP, development of primary industries and urbanization were the primary socioeconomic forces driving the evolution of the wetland landscape. (4) There was a significant positive correlation between annual average runoff and grassland area in Zhalong wetland. |
| 杨钦,胡鹏,王建华,杨泽凡,刘欢,王伟泽.2020.1980-2018年扎龙湿地及乌裕尔河流域景观格局演变及其响应[J].水生态学杂志,41(5):77-88. |
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