| 收割强度对粉绿狐尾藻生长和水质的影响 |
| Effects of Harvest Intensity on Myriophyllum Aquaticum Growth and Water Purification |
| 投稿时间：2020-04-04 修订日期：2020-08-02 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202004040091 |
| 中文关键词:粉绿狐尾藻 收割 生长 水质 |
| 英文关键词:Myriophyllum Aquaticum harvest intensity growth water quality |
| 基金项目:湖北省教育厅科学技术研究项目（Q20182502，D20152503）；湖北师范大学湖泊流域重金属污染机理与生态修复创 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过模拟实验,研究了不同收割强度对粉绿狐尾藻生长和水质的影响,以期为外来物种的管理提供参考。结果表明：(1)收割对粉绿狐尾藻枝条生长恢复和株高影响显著。对照组最终株高最大,达到187.0cm,并在水面形成冠层。收割组第一次收割后均能完全恢复；第二次收割,高收割强度(75%)直到实验结束后未恢复,且随着收割频次的增加,枝条恢复的时间延长。(2)收割减少了粉绿狐尾藻分枝数。对照组分枝数最高,达到6.9个/株,15%-75%收割组分为4.3、4.0、3.6、2.2和1.8个/株。(3)收割显著降低了粉绿狐尾藻的生物量。15%-75%收割组的生物量分别下降为对照组的10.11%、3.23%、2.47%、2.29%和0.80%。(4)粉绿狐尾藻收割对水质影响显著。在粉绿狐尾藻生长旺盛期,对其进行中、低强度的收割能有效改善水质。收割对控制粉绿狐尾藻生长效果明显,结合水质指标,以低强度收割2-3次为宜。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Myriophyllum aquaticum, is an invasive species, but commonly used in ecological treatment of sewage and control of agricultural non-point pollution because it is fast growing, highly adaptable and easily reproduced. In this study, we explored the effects of harvesting intensity on M. aquaticum and water quality under controlled laboratory conditions, aiming to provide a reference for management of alien species. The experiments were carried out from March 31 to July 16, 2018 in plastic buckets (height: 70cm; diameter: 40cm) and 30 M. aquaticum plants (height: 14-16 cm) were planted in each bucket. Five harvesting intensities (15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 75%) were set with a 0% harvest intensity group as the control, trials were run in triplicate and plants were harvested when they reached the top of the bucket. Nine M. aquaticum plants were randomly selected for height measurement every 5 days before harvesting and plant height, branch number and the length of new branches was measured every 10 days after harvesting. Measurements of SS, TN, TP, Chl-a were carried out to determine water quality one day before harvesting, and growth parameters, stocking crop, and stem diameter were measured after the experiment. Results show that: (1) Harvesting had a significant effect on recovery of shoots and plant height of M. aquaticum. In the control group, the ultimate plant height reached 187.0 cm, and a canopy formed on the water surface. Plants in the low and medium intensity harvest groups（15% , 30% and 45%）all recovered within 20 days after the first harvest, and some plants actually grew better after low intensity harvesting. The recovery rate of plants in the high harvest intensity groups（60% and 75%）were 80.68% and 62.00%, much lower than that of the low and medium intensity harvest groups. After the second harvest, the recovery rates were 91.44% for the low intensity groups, 76.09% for the medium intensity group and 42.22% for the high intensity groups, and plants in high intensity groups did not recover by the end of the experiment. With increased harvest frequency, the recovery time of branches is longer. (2) Harvesting reduced the number of new branches of M. aquaticum. Control group plants had the largest number of new branches (6.9 per plant), while harvest intensities of 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 75% yielded plants with 4.3, 4.0, 3.6, 2.2 and 1.8 new branches, respectively. (3) Harvesting significantly reduced the biomass of M. aquaticum. The biomasses of the 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 75% groups were, respectively, 10.11%, 3.23%, 2.47%, 2.29% and 0.80% of the control group. (4) The harvest of M. aquaticum had a significant impact on water quality. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the water decreased after harvest, and the harvest intensity and frequency significantly affected nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. The levels of TN and TP after the second harvest for each harvest intensity (15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 75% ) decreased, respectively, by 13.63% and 24.82%, 12.90% and 22.87%, 8.24% and 25.04%, 6.66% and 34.91, 9.64% and 17.64% compared with decreases after the first harvest. The harvest intensity also affected the suspended solids (SS) and Chl-a concentration in the water, which increased markedly in the high intensity treatments. To summarize, harvesting controls M. aquaticum growth and, for effective maintenance of water quality, we recommend harvesting M. aquaticum two or three times annually at a low intensity (15% - 30%). |
| 俞新慧,吴晓东,葛绪广,桂智凡,周梦蝶,卞玲玲,刘恋.2022.收割强度对粉绿狐尾藻生长和水质的影响[J].水生态学杂志,43(1):95-102. |
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