| 不同鲢密度对千岛湖沿岸池塘浮游植物群落结构的影响 |
| Effect of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Stocking Density on Phytoplankton Community Structure in Ponds Along Qiandao Lake |
| 投稿时间：2019-05-05 修订日期：2021-08-06 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.201905050110 |
| 中文关键词:非经典生物操纵 鲢 浮游植物 千岛湖沿岸池塘 |
| 英文关键词:non-classical bio-manipulation silver carp phytoplankton Qiandao Lake ponds |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑项目(2015BAD13B02)；上海高校知识服务平台上海海洋大学水产动物遗传育种中心(ZF1206) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了进一步检验中营养条件下滤食性鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）的控藻效应，于2017年5-9月，在浙江省淳安县千岛湖邵家鱼种场选择8口大小、形状等各种条件基本一致的池塘，设置无鱼（CK）0 g/m3、低密度（LD）10 g/m3、中密度（MD）20 g/m3和高密度（HD）30 g/m3共计4个鲢处理组，放养的鲢体重为（61.03±3.70）g、体长为（14.21±0.27）cm，经每月3次浮游植物样品采集和观察，探究不同密度的鲢放养对浮游植物群落结构的影响。结果表明，浮游植物优势种组成在不同处理组池塘间无显著差异。双因素方差分析表明，鲢密度和月份对浮游植物密度和生物量均有显著作用，月份而非鲢密度对其多样性产生显著影响，2个因素对浮游植物生物量有而对其密度和多样性指数无交互作用。3个有鲢处理组池塘藻类总密度和蓝藻密度均有较大幅度下降，它们的蓝藻密度、中高密度组池塘藻类总密度显著低于无鱼组；中、高密度组池塘蓝藻生物量、中密度组池塘藻类总密度均显著低于无鱼组和低密度组。实验结果表明，鲢对浮游植物的抑制作用具有密度效应，随鲢放养密度和水体藻类现存量的变化而变化，鲢中等密度放养能显著遏制浮游植物现存量，密度依赖的鲢滤食量对浮游植物的抑制作用明显大于营养短路和藻类小型化对浮游植物的促进效应。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the effectiveness of filter-feeding silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) on algae control in mesotrophic water bodies, we carried out experiments to determine the effect of silver carp stocking density on phytoplankton community structure. From May to September of 2017, the experiment was conducted in ponds at Shaojia breeding farm, using water from Qiandao Lake in Zhejiang Province. Four fish densities (CK: control group, no stocking; LD: low density, 10 g/m3; MD: medium density, 20 g/m3; HD: high density, 30 g/m3) were set with silver carp of body weight （61.03±3.70） g and body length （14.21±0.27） cm. Water samples were collected three times per month from May to September for determination of phytoplankton density, biomass and diversity. Cluster analysis indicated no significant variation of dominant phytoplankton species among the four treatments. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that silver carp stocking density significantly affected the standing crop (density and biomass) of phytoplankton, and that the standing crop also varied significantly with time (month). ANOVA also showed that, while phytoplankton diversity changed significantly over time, it was not significantly affected by fish stocking density. Further, the change in fish density over time affected phytoplankton biomass but not phytoplankton density or diversity. The densities of total phytoplankton and blue-green algae decreased significantly by (29%- 67.5%) in all three fish treatments, compared to the control. The density of blue-green algae in LD, MD and HD ponds and total algae density in MD and HD ponds were significantly lower than in ponds without fish. The biomass of blue-green algae in MD and HD ponds and the total biomass of algae in MD ponds were significantly lower than those in LD and control ponds. The effect of silver carp on phytoplankton was density-dependent and changed with fish stocking density and the standing crop of phytoplankton in test ponds. A moderate stocking density (20 g/m3) of silver carp was most suitable for controlling phytoplankton. The negative effect of density-dependent feeding by silver carp on the standing crop of phytoplankton was clearly larger than the positive effect of nutrient input and algal miniaturization. The study provides scientific evidence and technical support for water quality management in Qiandao Lake by development of an ecological fishery. |
| 胡忠军,张婧雯,张真,韩胜盼,刘其根.2021.不同鲢密度对千岛湖沿岸池塘浮游植物群落结构的影响[J].水生态学杂志,42(6):57-63. |
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