| 刺鲃幼鱼消化系统形态学和组织学研究 |
| Morphological and Histological Characteristics of the Digestive System in Spinibarbus caldwelli |
| 投稿时间：2017-11-18 修订日期：2019-07-17 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2019.04.011 |
| 中文关键词:刺鲃 消化系统 形态学 组织学 |
| 英文关键词:Spinibarbus caldwelli digestive system morphology histology |
| 基金项目:国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303056-7) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 采用活体解剖、测量、组织学、组织化学等方法，对采自江西宜春锦河的51尾刺鲃（Spinibarbus caldwelli）幼鱼消化系统组织和形态学进行了研究，结果表明：(1)刺鲃消化腺包括胆囊、肝脏和胰脏，消化道包括口咽腔、食道、肠和肛门，无胃；(2)口亚下位，口咽腔占头长比例很大，均值为0.92；口裂长/吻长均值为0.86。口咽腔上皮为复层鳞状上皮，含有大量的黏液分泌细胞和味蕾结构；(3)食道粗短，前段有味蕾，内壁有较深的纵向褶皱；肌层发达，内外肌层间分布有发达的有髓鞘神经纤维丛；黏膜下层有发达的黏膜肌，黏膜层内有大量的杯状细胞、黏液分泌细胞，还有柱状上皮区域，游离面具有纹状缘；(4)肠盘曲7次，分为前肠、中肠和后肠，前肠和中后肠黏膜皱褶数量、黏膜皱褶高度、柱状上皮细胞高度显著减少（P<0.05）；肠道各段肌层厚度有极显著差异（P<0.01）；杯状细胞的数量从前肠往后肠呈高-低-高趋势，后肠数量最多，前后肠与中肠有显著差异（P<0.05）；肠道系数为（2.07±0.03）；(5)食道及肠道各段粘膜上皮中下层发现数量较多嗜伊红颗粒细胞；(6)肝不分页，为长条形，胆囊被肝包围，比肝胰脏重（1.37±0.06）%。胰脏散布于肝脏、胆囊及消化管系膜周围，少量组织分布于肝门静脉周围形成肝胰脏；数个大小不一的独立Brockmann小体散布在食管及前肠连接部周围；(7)全长(L)与消化道长(Y)的关系呈线性相关：Y = 2.1048L - 0.474（R2 = 0.669，F1,49=99.05，P<0.01），锦河刺鲃幼鱼肠道特征为杂食性偏植食性。。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Spinibarbus caldwelli (Nichols, 1925) belongs to Spinibarbus, barbinae and Cypriniformes, and are primarily distributed in the waters of southern China. As a newly cultured freshwater fish species, it has great economic value and breeding prospects due to its large size, high meat quality and strong resistance to disease. In this study, we characterized the morphology and histology of the S. caldwelli digestive system, aiming to explore the relationship between the structure and function of the digestive system, and the mechanisms for digestion and absorption. The study provides a theoretical basis for nutrition research and improving culture technology of S. caldwelli. Wild S. caldwelli individuals of total length 10.80-24.20 cm and body weight 15.40-174.80 g were collected from the Shanggao section of Jinghe River in Yichun, Jiangxi Province. The morphological and histological features of the digestive system for 51 specimens were studied using methods from anatomy, histology and histochemistry. The features of the digestive system of S. caldwelli are as follows: (1) The digestive system includes two parts: the digestive tract and digestive glands. The digestive tract consists of oropharyngeal cavity, esophagus, intestine and anus, but there is no stomach. The digestive glands include the liver, pancreas and gallbladder. (2) The mouth is low and U-shaped and the snout is round and blunt. The mucosal surface of the oropharyngeal cavity is covered with squamous epithelial cells with a large number of mucus-secreting cells and small taste buds. (3) The esophagus is short and lined with squamous epithelial cells, numerous mucus secreting cells, goblet cells and the inner wall of deep longitudinal folds. The lamina propria is formed of loose connective tissue followed by a submucosa of dense connective tissue with no glands. Muscularis mucosae are observed between the lamina propria and the submucosae. The muscle layer contains myelin nerve fibers in the inner and outer layers of muscle. (4) The intestine coils 7 times and can be divided into three parts: foregut, midgut and hindgut. There are significant differences between the anterior and middle posterior segments of the intestine, including tube diameter, number and height of mucosal folds, thickness of the muscle layer, thickness of the serous membrane, number of goblet cells, and the height of resorption cells (P<0.05). The average intestinal coefficient of S. caldwelli is approximately (2.07±0.03). (5) A large number of granular cells, positive to eosin stain, are found in the mucosal layer of the esophagus and intestine. (6) The liver has a long strip shape with no leaves and the liver and pancreas are formed along the hepatic portal vein. The gallbladder is surrounded by the liver and the pancreas is scattered around the liver, gallbladder and mesentery. Brockmann bodies of different size are scattered at the junction of the esophagus and foregut. (7) The intestine length (Y) of S. caldwelli is a linear function of total body length (L) and can be expressed as: Y = 2.1048L - 0.474, (R2 = 0.669, F1,49=99.05, P<0.01). In summary, our results indicate that S. caldwelli in Jinghe River is a typical omnivorous - herbivorous fish species. |
| 庹云,肖调义,李伟臣.2019.刺鲃幼鱼消化系统形态学和组织学研究[J].水生态学杂志,40(4):83-92. |
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