| 黄河口中华绒螯蟹野生群体生长特征的研究 |
| Growth Characteristics of Wild Eriocheir sinensis in the Yellow River Estuary |
| 投稿时间：2017-07-20 修订日期：2018-11-21 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2018.06.012 |
| 中文关键词:中华绒螯蟹 黄河口 FiSAT Ⅱ 生长特征 |
| 英文关键词:Eriocheir sinensis Yellow River Estuary FISAT Ⅱ growth characteristics |
| 基金项目:公益性行业(农业) 科研专项( 201303050) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 黄河口中华绒螯蟹种群的生长特征，为更好地实施增殖放流提供参考。2016年5、8、9及11月，采用定制网捕获中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)634只，运用FiSAT Ⅱ软件相关模块对中华绒螯蟹生长、死亡参数、生长特性、种群补充模式进行研究。样本甲壳宽16~73mm，体重5.8~175.3g；中华绒螯蟹生长参数，雌性为k=1.90、L∞=69.30mm、t0=-0.091，雄性为k=1.80、L∞=69.30mm、t0=-0.098；经变换甲壳宽渔获曲线法（Length-Converted Catch Curve）及刀刃式选择假设模型（Knife-Edge）估算中华绒螯蟹总死亡系数为4.51、自然死亡系数为1.50、捕捞死亡系数为3.01、资源开发利用率0.67；黄河口中华绒螯蟹大约在4-5月初孵出大眼幼体，经过生长发育，其最大甲壳宽可以在第3年达到70mm以上；黄河口中华绒螯蟹的生长周期较短，成熟个体较小；种群补充模式分析表明，黄河口中华绒螯蟹种群补充单峰值出现在8、9、10月，此时间段与山东省所施行的禁渔期相吻合。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Eriocheir sinensis (Chinese mitten crab) is an important economic species in the Yellow River estuary. However, the production of E. sinensis has sharply declined in recent years because of severe overfishing and deterioration of water quality and E. sinensis has become the primary species for the release program meant to enhance the population. In this study, we analyzed growth, mortality, exploitation rate and population patterns using fish stock assessment software (FiSAT II), aiming to more fully understand the biology and growth characteristics of E. sinensis, provide information to improve the release program and verify the feasibility of using FiSAT II to estimate the growth parameters of crustaceans. The study was based on a stake net survey of E. sinensis carried out in May, August, September and November of 2016. A total of 634 E. sinensis were captured, including 264 males and 370 females. The shell width and body weight ranges were 11-73 mm and 5.8-149.0 g, dominated by crabs with shell widths of 20-50 mm and body weights of 10.0-80.0 g. Length Frequency Analysis gave growth parameters for females of k=1.90, L∞=69.30 mm, t0=-0.091, Lt=63.00[1-e-1.80(t+0.091)] and, for males, k=1.80, L∞=68.25mm, t0=-0.098, Lt=68.25[1-e-1.80(t+0.098)]. The total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M), fishing mortality (F) and exploitation rate (E) of the E. sinensis population were, respectively, 4.51, 1.50, 3.01 and 0.67, and the exploitation rate of E. sinensis was significantly higher than normal. The new generation of E. sinensis megalopa appear from the end of April to early May and reach maximum shell length (>70mm) in the third year. E. sinensis recruitment peaks once a year, from August to October, corresponding to the period when fishing is prohibited. The biological parameter e-k=0.15<1 of E. sinensis, estimated using FiSAT Ⅱ, indicates that the VBFG equation can be used to describe E. sinensis growth. In addition, the asymptotic shell width and average shell width (L∞=74.55，Lc=30.15) were in good agreement with the shell width of E. sinensis catches from the Yellow River estuary and the value of t0 was consistent with actual fishing practices, showing that FiSAT Ⅱ is a reliable means for estimating biological parameters and growth characteristics. |
| 丛旭日,李秀启,董贯仓,客涵,师吉华,孙鲁峰.2018.黄河口中华绒螯蟹野生群体生长特征的研究[J].水生态学杂志,39(6):81-86. |
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