| 黄土区典型小流域降水变化下的水沙响应研究 |
| Response of Water and Sediment to Rainfall in a Typical Watershed of the Loess Plateau |
| 投稿时间：2016-07-20 修订日期：2017-07-27 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2017.04.002 |
| 中文关键词:黄土区 小流域 降水 径流量 产沙量 |
| 英文关键词:loess area small watershed rainfall runoff quantity sediment yield |
| 基金项目:水利部公益性行业科研专项“水土保持生态效应监测与评价技术研究”（201501045）；国家重点研发计划“沟道工程对流域水沙变化影响及其贡献率”（2016YFC0402404） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 定量描述降雨的变化规律是研究流域水文生态过程的基础，研究降水变化下的水沙响应，为区域水土保持规划提供依据。本文以马家沟流域1975~2006年降雨过程资料 为依托，分析了流域内降雨年际、年内分布规律、侵蚀性降雨量。流域径流量及产沙量采用目前国内外应用比较广泛的SWAT分布式水文模型模拟得出。研究结果表明，产生侵蚀降雨的次数占总降雨次数的15%，侵蚀性降雨量占总降雨量的62%，尽管产生侵蚀的降雨次数占总降雨次数的比例较小，但产生侵蚀的雨量占总降雨量却超过50%，侵蚀性降雨的强度大。在年尺度上，马家沟流域的径流量和产沙量随着降雨量的增加都有不同程度的增加。在丰水年径流量和产沙量普遍较大，在枯水年径流量和产沙量也普遍较小。产沙量主要集中在6~9月，以7~8月的产沙量最大，平均占年产沙量的70%左右，幅度变化大于径流量的变化。黄土高原生态建设及淤地坝建设工程的实施，增加了流域林草面积。通过林草拦截降雨、缓滞水流、保护地表，在一定范围减少了流域径流总量和泥沙量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Quantitating rainfall is the foundation for understanding hydrological process in watersheds. Based on rainfall data for Majiagou watershed from 1975 to 2006, we analyzed the distribution of annual and monthly rainfall, and the erosivity of rainfall in the area. Based on the results, runoff and sediment yields from precipitation events of different intensity were simulated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The Majiagou watershed is located in Ansai County of Yan’an City, Shannxi Province, with the catchment area of 77.5 km2. Loessial soil is the primary soil type in Majiagou watershed, accounting for 80% of the total arable soil, and vegetation is scarce in the region, dominated by arbores and shrubs. Annual precipitation varies greatly in Majiagou watershed, from a high of 666.1 mm in 1983 to a low of 275 mm in 1997. Seasonal precipitation is uneven and precipitation during the wet season (June to September) accounted for 72% of the total. Although erosive rainfall occurs in only 15% of the total precipitation events, it accounts for 62% of the total rainfall. Over a year, runoff and sediment yield in the Majiagou watershed accumulates with rainfall and there is an obvious positive correlation between precipitation, runoff and sediment yield. Annual runoff and sediment yield were generally larger in wet years and smaller in dry years and the variation in sediment yield was larger than the variation in runoff. Sediment yield is generated primarily from June to September, particularly July and August, when approximate70% of the annual yield is generated. We also found that the forest and grass area increased during these years due to ecological restoration efforts in the Loess Plateau and construction of a silt dam. Forest and grass cover reduces runoff and sediment yield by means of intercepting rainfall, slowing water flow and decreasing soil erosion. This study provides a reference for regional planning of water and soil conservation. |
| 刘卉芳,鲁婧,王昭艳,解刚.2017.黄土区典型小流域降水变化下的水沙响应研究[J].水生态学杂志,38(4):11-17. |
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